< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/hamwátiš

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From *hamwatáti (“to hope for, believe”) +‎ *-iš.

Noun

*hamwátiš

  1. hope, belief, faith

Inflection
i-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *hamwátiš *hamwátiH *hamwátayah
vocative *hamwátay *hamwátiH *hamwátayah
accusative *hamwátim *hamwátiH *hamwátīš
instrumental *hamwátiH *hamwátibyā *hamwátibiš
ablative *hamwátayš *hamwátibyā *hamwátibyah
dative *hamwátayay *hamwátibyā *hamwátibyah
genitive *hamwátayš *hamwátyawš *hamwátayām
locative *hamwátaw *hamwátyawš *hamwátišu
  • *hamwástah (“believer, having believed”)
  • *hamwátaH (“wish, desire”)

Descendants
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Ossetian: (“spirit, soul”) (perhaps[1])
      Digor Ossetian: од (od)
      Iron Ossetian: уд (ud)
    • Sogdo-Bactrian:
      • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ʾwd, “divine trust”)
      • Sogdian: (/⁠āwat⁠/, “hope, trust, faith”)
        Sogdian script: 𐼰𐼰𐼴𐽂 (ʾʾwt), 𐼰𐼰𐼴𐽂𐼳 (ʾʾwth)
        Syriac script: ܐܘܬ (ʾwt)
        • ⇒ Sogdian: (/⁠čināut⁠/, “hopeful”)
          Buddhist: [script needed] (cynʾʾwt), [script needed] (cynʾwt)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Kurdish:
      Central Kurdish: ئاوات (awat, “desire, expectation”)
    • Parthian: *hamwat
      • → Old Armenian: հաւատ (hawat, “faith, belief”)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Middle Persian: (“hope”)
      • Early Middle Persian: (< labial assimilation < initial h-loss *hamwēd)
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾsmyt' /⁠*ahmēt⁠/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwmyt' /⁠ummēd[2]⁠/) (< labial rounding), [Book Pahlavi needed] (SWB̠Lʾ)[3]
        • Late Middle Persian: (< postvocalic h-loss)
          Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwmyt'[3][2] /⁠ummēd, ōmēd[3][4]⁠/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾymyt'[4] /⁠ēmēd[2][4]⁠/) (< *ehmēd (pre-fricative))
          Pazand: 𐬎𐬨𐬉𐬛 (umēd)
      • → Old Georgian: იმედი (imedi)
      • ⇒ Middle Persian: (“hopeless”)
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾnʾwmyt' /⁠anummēd[2]⁠/)
        • Persian: نومید (nawmêd)
      • ⇒ Middle Persian: (“hopeful”)
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwmytwʾl /⁠ummēdwār[2]⁠/)
        • Persian: امیدوار (omêdvâr)
          • → Wakhi: [script needed] (amēdvōr)

References
  1. Cheung, Johnny (2002) Studies in the Historical Development of the Ossetic Vocalism (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN, page 233
  2. MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 30
  3. Nyberg, H. S. (1974) A Manual of Pahlavi, Part II: Glossary, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 114
  4. Skjærvø, Prods Oktor (2007) Introduction to Pahlavi, Cambridge
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