Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/gawštaH

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Suggested to be from *gā́wš ~ *gáws (“cow”) + unknown suffix *-štaH,[1] but perhaps instead inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gawštaH, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷews-teh₂, from *gʷṓws ~ *gʷéws (“cow”) +‎ *-teh₂.

Noun

*gawštaH f[2][1]

meat, flesh

Alternative reconstructions

*gawštraH[3]
*gawštiš[4][5][6]

Descendants

Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian: *gūštā
  - Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *gūštā
    - Khotanese: [script needed] (ggūśta)
    - Wakhi: ɣīšt
Southeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Munji-Yidgha:
  - Munji: غوش (ǧuš)
  - Yidgha: غوش (ǧūš)
- Parachi: غوښ (ǧuṣ̌)
- Proto-Pathan:
  - Pashto: غوښه (ǧvax̌a) (< *gawštraH[3])
  - Waziri: غوشه (ǧoša), غېشه (ǧeša)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: گـژد (gožd)
- Kurdish:
  Central Kurdish: گۆشت (goşt)
  
  Northern Kurdish: goşt
- Medo-Parthian:
  - Caspian:
    - Gilaki: گوشت (gušt)
    - Mazanderani: گوش (guš), (Hamajahi) گوشد (gušd)
  - Sangisari: گوشت (gūšt)
  - Middle Median:
    - Kermanic: gūšt (Gazi, Kafroni, Qohrudi, Sedehi, Vonishuni, Zefrehi), gṻžt (Zefrehi)
    - Sivandi: gūšt
    - Talysh: گوژد (gužd) (Anbarani, Asalemi, Azerbaijani Talysh), گوشت (gušt) (Masali)
- Zazaki: goşt, goşd
Southwestern Iranian:
- Bashkardi: گوشت (gušt)
- Larestani: گوشت (güšt)
- Middle Persian: (/⁠gōšt⁠/)
  Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (gwšt'), [script needed] (BSLYA)
  
  Pazend script: 𐬔𐬱𐬙 (gšt)
  - Kumzari: گوشت (gōšt)
  - Classical Persian: گوشت (gōšt)
    - Iranian Persian: گوشت (gušt)
    - Tajik: гӯшт (güšt)
      - → Ishkashimi: [script needed] (guṣ̌t), [script needed] (gušt)
      - → Sarikoli: gыx̌t
      - → Shughni: гӯх̌т (gūx̌t)
      - → Wakhi: guṣ̌t
      - → Yazghulami: гәх̌т (gəx̌t)
      - → Yagnobi: гушт (gušt)

References

Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 212
Hübschmann, Heinrich (1895) Persische Studien [Persian Studies] (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 944, page 95
Morgenstierne, Georg (1927) “γw'ax̌a”, in An Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (Skrifter utgitt av det Norske Videnskapsakademi i Oslo; 3), Oslo: J. Dybwad, § 49, page 29: “*gauštrā-”
Bailey, H. W. (1967) Prolexis to the Book of Zambasta (Indo-Scythian Studies Being Khotanese Texts; 6), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, page 75
Bailey, H. W. (1979) “ggūśta”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 89: “*gau-šti-”
Gershevitch, Ilya (1976) “More meat in Iranian”, in Morpurgo Davies Anna, Meid Wolfgang, editors, Studies in Greek, Italic, and Indo-European Linguistics Offered to Leonard R. Palmer On the Occasion of his Seventieth Birthday June 5, 1976 (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 16), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck, page 64 of 63–64