< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Hraštáh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hraštás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵtós.

Adjective

*Hraštáh[1]

  1. right

Descendants
  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬀 (rašta)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Proto-Scythian: *rāští
      • Khotanese: [script needed] (rraṣṭa)
      • Ossetian: раст (rast)
    • Sogdo-Bactrian:
      • Khwarezmian: رشت (ršt /⁠rāšt⁠/)
      • Proto-Sogdic:
        • Sogdian: (/⁠rəšt,rašt; raštē; raštyāk, rəštyāk⁠/)
          Manichaean script: 𐫡𐫢𐫤𐫏𐫏 (rštyy);𐫡𐫢𐫤𐫏𐫀𐫐 (rštyʾk), 𐫡𐫢𐫤𐫏𐫀𐫐𐫆 (rštyʾkh)
          Sogdian script: 𐽀𐽁𐽂 (ršt), 𐽀𐽁𐽂𐼳 (ršth), 𐽀𐽂𐽁𐽂𐼳 (rtšth); 𐽀𐽁𐽂𐼷 (ršty); 𐽀𐽁𐽂𐼷𐼰𐼸 (rštyʾk), 𐽀𐽁𐽂𐼷𐼰𐼸𐼳 (rštyʾkh)
          Syriac script: ܪܫܬܝ (ršty); ܪܫܬܝܐܩ (rštyʾq), ܪܝܫܬܝܐܩ (ryštyʾq)
        • Yagnobi: раска (raska, “right(side)”)
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Pashto: رشتيا (rɪštyā́, “true; truth”), رښتيا (rɪṣ̌tyā́)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Baluchi: راست (rast)
    • Kurdish:
      Central Kurdish: ڕاست (rast)
      Northern Kurdish: rast (řāst)
      Southern Kurdish: ڕاس (ras)
      Laki: ڕاس (ras)
    • Proto-Medo-Parthian: *rāštáh
      • Caspian:
      • Old Median: *rāštáh[2]
        • Old Tati:
          Old Azari: راست (rāst)
          • Harzani: روست (rüst)
          • Karingani: روست (rust)
        • → Elamite: 𒊏𒍩𒆪 (ra-áš-da), 𒊏𒆜𒆪 (ra-iš-da)
      • Parthian:
        Manichaean script: 𐫡𐫀𐫢𐫤 (rʾšt /⁠řāšt⁠/)
      • Proto-Zaza-Gorani:
        • Gurani: ڕاس (řās), Gurani: ڕاسە (řāsa)
        • Zazaki: raşt (řāšt), rast (řast)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Larestani: [script needed] (rāst)
    • Old Persian: 𐎼𐎠𐎿𐎫 (rāsta)
      • Middle Persian: (/⁠rāst⁠/)
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (lʾst')
        Manichaean script: 𐫡𐫀𐫘𐫤 (rʾst), 𐫡𐫀𐫘𐫎 (rʾsṯ)
        Psalter Pahlavi script: 𐮊𐮀𐮍𐮑𐮈 (lʾsty)

References
  1. Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 209
  2. Hinz, Walther (1975) “*rāšta”, in Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3)‎ (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz
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