< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/θanǰáyati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *tʰanǰʰáyati or *tanǰʰáyati, from Proto-Indo-European *tongʰ-éye-ti, from *tengʰ- (“to pull, weigh down”) +‎ *-éyeti. *θ- is unexpected; perhaps the result of the influence of a similar word.

Verb

*θanǰáyati[1][2][3]

  1. to pull
  2. to weigh (down)

Derived terms
  • *āθanǰáyati (“to draw, draw up, draw out”)
    • Parthian:
      Parthian: 𐫀𐫍𐫏𐫗𐫋𐫏𐫅 (ʾhynjyd), 𐫀𐫍𐫏𐫗𐫋𐫏𐫏𐫅 (ʾhynjyyd /⁠āhenǰ-⁠/)
      • → Middle Persian: (/⁠āhanǰēd⁠/)
        Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫍𐫏𐫗𐫉𐫏𐫅 (ʾhynzyd /⁠āhanzēd⁠/)
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾhncyt)
    • Zazaki: ānǰen-
  • *awaθanǰáyati (“to pull up?”)
    • Parthian:
      Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫇𐫍𐫗𐫋𐫏 (ʾwhnjy /⁠ōhenǰ-⁠/, pres.stem?)
  • *fraθanǰáyati (“to pull towards”)
    • Younger Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬚𐬀𐬧𐬘𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (fraθaṇjaiieiti, “to drive to”)
    • Parthian:
      Manichaean script: 𐫜𐫡𐫍𐫏𐫗𐫋𐫀𐫆 (frhynjʾẖ /⁠frahenǰ-⁠/, “to instruct, educate”, 2sg.subj.)
      • → Middle Persian:
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (plhhtn /⁠frahixtan⁠/, “to educate, instruct, teach”)
  • *niθanǰáyati (“to pull back”)
    • Bactrian: ναυαγγο (nauaggo), ναυαγγινδο (nauaggindo)
    • Khotanese: [script needed] (nuhaṃj-)
    • Parthian:
      Manichaean script: 𐫗𐫍𐫗𐫋𐫏𐫗𐫅 (nhnjynd /⁠nihenǰ-⁠/, 3pl.pres.)
    • Middle Persian:
      Manichaean script: 𐫗𐫍𐫏𐫗𐫉𐫀𐫅 (nhynzʾd /⁠nihenzād⁠/, subj.)
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (nhʾht /⁠nihāxt⁠/, perf.pass.)
    • → Old Armenian: նահանջեմ (nahanǰem, “to retreat”)
  • *pariθanǰáyati (“to stretch”)
    • Sogdian:
      Buddhist: [script needed] (prδʾɣtʾkw ɣʾy, 3sg.pret.intr.)
      Christian: [script needed] (pryθyncnt, 3pl.impf.)
  • *patiθanǰáyati (“to pull out; to weigh”)
    • Khotanese: [script needed] (pθxs-, “to take refuge in (God)”)
    • Parthian:
      Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫅𐫍𐫏𐫗𐫋𐫀𐫆 (pdhynjʾẖ /⁠padhenǰ-⁠/, “to weigh”, 2sg.subj.)
    • Sogdian: (/⁠pati-⁠/, “to pull out”)
      Buddhist: [script needed] (pδʾyncʾt)
      Manichaean script: 𐫂𐫇𐫎‎ 𐫛𐫔𐫔𐫀𐫄𐫎𐫏𐫏 (βwṯ‎ pδδʾɣṯyy, “is pulled out”)
  • *upaθanǰáyati (“to pull up”)
    • Khotanese: [script needed] (bāthaṃj-, “to pluck out”)
    • → Old Armenian: պահանջեմ (pahanǰem, “to demand back”)

Descendants
  • Central Iranian:
    • Younger Avestan: 𐬚𐬀𐬧𐬘𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬧𐬙𐬈 (θaṇjaiieṇte, 3pl.pres.med.)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Proto-Scythian:
      • Khotanese: [script needed] (thaṃj-)
      • Wakhi: [script needed] (tanj-)
        • → Kermanic:
          Isfahani: [script needed] (tanj-)
    • Sogdian: (/⁠θeṁč-⁠/)
      Buddhist: [script needed] (δyncʾk, “to pull out”, pres.part.)
      • → Persian: لنجیدن (lenjidan, lanjidan) (Balkhi)
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Sanglechi: [script needed] (inj-)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Kurdish:
      Central Kurdish: ھەڵ-ھێنجان (hell-hêncan)
      Southern Kurdish: ھەڵ-ھێنجانن (hell-hêncanin), ئەڵ-ونجانن (ell-wincanin)
    • Proto-Medo-Parthian: *θanǰáyati
      • Proto-Komisenian:
        • Aftari: anj-
        • Sangisari: [script needed] (enj-)
      • Old Median: *θanǰayati (“to draw (water), irrigate”)
        • Middle Median: *hanǰēd
          • Kermanic: (“to irrigate”)
            Gazi: [script needed] (enj-)
            Khuri, Soi: [script needed] (henj-)
          • Tatic:
            • Central Tati: (h)enj-
            • Southern Tati: hönj-
            • Talysh: [script needed] (hinj-), [script needed] (xənj-)
          • → Middle Persian:
            Book Pahlavi script: 𐮴𐮵𐮿𐯍𐮲𐯁 (hncyt /⁠hanǰēd⁠/, “to draw (water)”)
            • Persian: هنجیدن (hanjidan)
        • Semnani: [script needed] (inj-)
    • → Old Persian: [script needed] (*θanǰayati)
      • Middle Persian:
        Book Pahlavi script: 𐮽𐮵𐮿𐯍𐮲𐯁 (𐮽𐮵𐮿𐯍𐮲𐯁 /⁠sanǰed⁠/, “to weigh”)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Shirazi: [script needed] (tanzīdan, “to weigh”)[4] (dated?)

References
  1. Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*θanǰ-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 391-392
  2. Schmitt, Rüdiger, editor (1989), Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum‎, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 213
  3. Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta
  4. Lentz, Wolfgang (1926) “Die nordiranischen Elemente in der neupersischen Literatursprache bei Firdosi”, in Zeitschrift für Indologie und Iranistik‎ (in German), volume 4, page 301 of 251–316
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