< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/páčati

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pékʷeti.

Verb

*páčati[1]

  1. to cook

Inflection
    Nonfinite forms of *páčati
Infinitive *páktum
Gerund *paktwáH
Past passive participle *pakwás
Future passive participle *pā́kyas
    Present forms of *páčati
Active Middle Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
Indicative
1st *páčaHmi *páčaHwas *páčaHmas *páčay *pačáHwaȷ́ʰay *pačáHmaȷ́ʰay *pačyáy *pačyáHwaȷ́ʰay *pačyáHmaȷ́ʰay
2nd *páčasi *páčatʰas *páčatʰa *páčasay *páčaytʰay *páčadʰway *pačyásay *pačyáytʰay *pačyádʰway
3rd *páčati *páčatas *páčanti *páčatay *páčaytay *páčantay *pačyátay *pačyáytay *pačyántay
Imperative
1st *páčaHni *páčaHwa *páčaHma *páčaHy *pačáHwaȷ́ʰaHy *pačáHmaȷ́ʰaHy *pačyáHy *pačyáHwaȷ́ʰaHy *pačyáHmaȷ́ʰaHy
2nd *páča *páčatam *páčata *páčaswa *páčaytʰām *páčadʰwam *pačyáswa *pačyáytʰām *pačyádʰwam
3rd *páčatu *páčatām *páčantu *páčatām *páčaytām *páčantam *pačyátām *pačyáytām *pačyántam
Optative
1st *páčayHam *páčaywa *páčaymas *páčayHa *pačáywaȷ́ʰi *pačáymaȷ́ʰi *pačyáyHa *pačyáywaȷ́ʰi *pačyáymaȷ́ʰi
2nd *páčays *páčaytam *páčayta *páčaytʰās *pačáyHātʰām *páčaydʰwam *pačyáytʰās *pačyáyHātʰām *pačyáydʰwam
3rd *páčayt *páčaytām *páčayHunt *páčayta *pačáyHātām *páčayrant *pačyáyta *pačyáyHātām *pačyáyrant
Participles *páčant *páčamHnas *pačyámHnas
    Imperfect forms of *páčati
Active Middle Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
Indicative
1st *ápačam *apáčaHwa *apáčaHma *ápačay *apačáHwaȷ́ʰi *apačáHmaȷ́ʰi *apačyáy *apačyáHwaȷ́ʰi *apačyáHmaȷ́ʰi
2nd *ápačas *apáčatam *apáčata *apáčatʰās *apáčaytʰām *apáčadʰwam *apačyátʰās *apačyáytʰām *apačyádʰwam
3rd *ápačat *apáčatām *ápačant *apáčata *apáčaytām *apáčanta *apačyáta *apačyáytām *apačyánta

Descendants
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *páćati
    • Sanskrit: पचति (pácati) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Iranian: *pačati[2]
    • Central Iranian:
      • Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (pacaiti)
    • Northeastern Iranian:
      • Proto-Scythian:
        • Ossetian:
          Digor Ossetian: фицун (ficun), фунхт- (funxt-)
          Iron Ossetian: фыцын (fycyn), фыхт- (fyxt-), фых- (fyx-)
        • Proto-Saka-Wakhi:
          • Khotanese: [script needed] (pajs-, “to cook”); [script needed] (pach-, “to be cooked”), [script needed] (paś)
          • Wakhi: (/⁠pəṣ̌t, pəč̣-⁠/)
            Arabic script: پوڜت, پوڇ-
            Cyrillic script: пәш̣т (pәṣ̌t), пәч̣- (pәč̣-)
      • Sogdo-Bactrian:
        • Khwarezmian: پڅ- (pc- /⁠*pac-⁠/, “to cook”); پس- (ps- /⁠*pas(s)-⁠/, “to be cooked, become ripe”)
        • Sogdian: (/⁠(ə)pač-; puγd; puxs-⁠/, “to cook, to boil”)
          Sogdian script: [script needed] (ʾpc-), [script needed] (pc-); [script needed] (pwγt /⁠puγd⁠/, “cooking”); [script needed] (pwγs- /⁠puxs-⁠/)
          Syriac script: ܦܨ- (pc-)
        • Yagnobi: пашта (pašta), пач- (pač-, “to cook; to bake”); пӯхта (püxta), пӯхс- (püxs-, “to be cooked, boiled, ripen”)
    • Southeastern Iranian:
      • Ormuri-Parachi:
        • Ormuri: پخوک (puxọ̄k), بيژ- (bīž-)
        • Parachi: پهوک (phȫk), پېچ- (pēč-)
      • Pashto: پخول (paxawə́l), پوخ- (póx-)
    • Northwestern Iranian:
      • Baluchi: پتک (patk), پچ- (pač-, “to boil; cook”)
      • Kurdish:
        Central Kurdish: پەحتن (peḧtin /⁠paħtin⁠/), پژ- (pij- /⁠piž-⁠/)
        Northern Kurdish: pehtin (/⁠pahtin⁠/), pêj- (/⁠pēž-⁠/)
      • Proto-Medo-Parthian:
        • Caspian:
          • Gilaki: پٚختٚن (pəxtən), پٚز- (pəz-, “to cook, bake”) (influenced from Persian)
          • Old Mazanderani: بپتن (baptan), بپج- (bapij-, “to cook”) بپته (bapta, “cooked (ppp)”)
            • Mazanderani: بپتن (bapetën)
          • Shahmirzadi: بپته (bäpetà, “cooked (ppp)”)
        • Komisenian:
          • Lasgerdi: [script needed] (bæpizœ, “cooked (ppp)”)
          • Sangisari: [script needed] (bepižé, “cooked (ppp)”)
          • Sorkhei: [script needed] (påt, “cooked (ppp)”)
        • Old Median:
          • Abuzeydabadi: پووه (powa), پچ- (peč-)
          • Abyanehi: پایه (pāya), پج- (paj-)
          • Hamadani: پتن (petän), پج- (pej-)
          • Khunsari: پت (pet), پز- (pez-)
          • Nayini: پخته (paxte), پز- (pez-)
          • Qohrudi: پاده (pāda), پیچ- (pīč-)
        • Parthian: (/⁠puxtan, paž-⁠/)
          Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫇𐫟𐫤𐫗 (pwxtn),𐫛𐫝- (pc-)
          > Parthian: 𐫛𐫝𐫃 (pcg /⁠pažag⁠/, “cook”) (> *páčakah)
        • Zazaki: pewten (/⁠pawtan⁠/), poten (/⁠pōtan⁠/), poc- (/⁠pōj-⁠/), pewc- (/⁠pawj-⁠/)
    • Southwestern Iranian:
      • Middle Persian: (/⁠puxtan, paz-⁠/, “to cook; bake”)
        Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫇𐫟𐫤𐫗 (pwxtn)
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (pwhtn'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (APPWNtn'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (pc-)

References
  1. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “pac”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
  2. Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*pač”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 286-287
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