< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/muštíš

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *méws-ti-s ~ *mus-téy-s (“fist”), cognate with Tocharian B maśce (“fist”),[1] and possibly Ancient Greek άμυστί (ámustí, “withouth closing (one's mouth)”) (from *n̥-mus-ti(h₁)), from *mews- (“to shut”) +‎ *-tis,[2] whence Ancient Greek μῡ́ω (mū́ō, “to shut, close”), Hittite [script needed] (muš-, “to eat one's fill”, literally “to close the mouth?”),[3] perhaps further connected to Sanskrit मोष (moṣa, “robber; theft”).[4] Alternatively suggested to derive from Proto-Indo-European *mewḱ- (“to scratch, tear”), whence Lithuanian mùšti (“to strike”), Ancient Greek ἀμύσσω (amússō, “to scratch, tear”),[5][6] however this root is dubious.[4][7]

Noun

*muštíš m

  1. fist

Declension
masculine i-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *muštíš *muštíH *muštáyas
vocative *muštáy *muštíH *muštáyas
accusative *muštím *muštíH *muštī́n, -ī́š
instrumental *muštíH́ *muštíbʰyām *muštíbʰiš
ablative *muštáyš *muštíbʰyām *muštíbʰyas
dative *muštáyay *muštíbʰyām *muštíbʰyas
genitive *muštáyš *muštyáwš *muštáyām?
locative *muštā́(w)? *muštyáwš *muštíšu

Descendants
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *muṣṭíṣ
  • Proto-Iranian: *muštiš
    • Avestan: 𐬨𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬌 (mušti)
    • Proto-Scythian: *muštu (< acc.sg. *muštím)
      • Ossetian: мустучъи (mustuḱ’i)
      • Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *muṣtu
        • Khotanese: [script needed] (muṣṭu)
        • Wakhi: məst
    • Central Kurdish: مست (mist)
    • Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (mwšt' /⁠mušt⁠/)
      • Persian: مشت (mošt)
        • Tajik: мушт (mušt)
    • → Georgian: მუშტი (mušṭi)
    • →? Kyrgyz: муштум (muştum)
    • →? Uzbek: musht

References
  1. Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*mustí-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 255
  2. Grestenberger, Laura (2009) The Vedic i-Stems and internal derivation (master's dissertation)‎, Vienna: Universität Wien, Philologisch-Kulturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, page 114
  3. Janda, Michael (1998) “Die hohle und die geschlossene Hand im Indogermanischen”, in Die Sprache, volume 40, number 1, Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 1-25
  4. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “muṣṭí-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 319-320
  5. Bailey, H. W. (1979) “muṣṭu”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 339
  6. Edelʹman, D. I. (2015) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 5, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 389
  7. Derksen, Rick (2015) “mušti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 326-327
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