< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/krā́mHti

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Unknown;[1] presumably from earlier *krḗmH-ti ~ *krémH-n̥ti.[2]

Verb

*krā́mHti[2]

  1. to stride, go
    Synonym: *krā́mHati

Descendants
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *krā́mHati
    • Sanskrit: क्रामति (krāmati)
      • ⇒ Sanskrit: क्रम (kráma) (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ Sanskrit: सम्क्रम (samkramá, “passage, bridge”)[3]
        • Assamese: সাঁকো (xãkü)
        • Bengali: সাঁকো (śãkō)
        • Hindi: साँका (sā̃kā), साँखो (sā̃kho), साँखू (sā̃khū), साँखा (sā̃khā)
        • Kumaoni: साँगो, साँङो
        • Marathi: सांकव (sāṅkav), सांकू (sāṅkū)
        • Nepali: साँगु (sā̃gu), साँघु (sā̃ghu)
        • Odia: ସାଙ୍କୁଆ (saṅkua)
        • Pali: saṅkama
  • Proto-Iranian: *xrā́mHti[1][4]
    • Old Persian: *xrāmiti
      • ⇒ Old Persian: *āxrāmiti (+ 𐎠 (a-)[1])
        • Middle Persian: (“to stride”)
          Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫟𐫡𐫀𐫖 (ʾxrʾm)
          Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾhlʾmydyt /⁠āxrāmēd⁠/, 3sg.pres.ind.)
    • Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *ǧrāmiti
      • Wakhi: čərəmd, čirimd (3sg.), čərəng (pf.), črəngtu, črəngtыw (“to go in, enter”, subj.)
      • Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *tiǧrāmiti (+ *ti- < *ati-[5])
        • Proto-Saka: *tīrāmiti
          • Khotanese: [script needed] (trāmäte, “to enter, cross”)
    • Sogdian: (/⁠xrām⁠/, “to move, go”, 2sg.pres.impv.)
      Manichaean script: 𐫟𐫡𐫀𐫖 (xrʾm)
      Sogdian script: 𐼲𐽀𐼰𐼺 (ɣrʾm)
      Old Sogdian script: 𐼄𐼘𐼀𐼍 (ɣrʾm), 𐼉𐼘𐼀𐼍 (xrʾm)

References
  1. Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*xrāmH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 449
  2. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “kramⁱ”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
  3. Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) chapter 12834, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
  4. The template Template:R:wbl:ESVJa does not use the parameter(s): 
    2=136
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.    Steblin-Kamenskij, I.M. (1999) “čərm-, čər(ə)m-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ vaxanskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Wakhi Language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Peterburgskoje Vostokovedenije, →ISBN
  5. Bailey, H. W. (1979) “tram-”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, pages 142-143
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