< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/Hárdʰas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁érdʰ-o-s, from *h₁erdʰe (“separately, apart”) +‎ *-os, from *h₁er- (“separately”) +‎ *dʰe (locative particle). Cognate with Lithuanian ardýti (“to pull down, destroy”) and erdvas (“wide, spacious”),[1][2] as well as perhaps Proto-Slavic *orz- (“dis-, un-”).[3]

Noun

*Hárdʰas m[1]

  1. division, half

Declension
masculine a-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *Hárdʰas *Hárdʰā *Hárdʰā, -ās(as)
vocative *Hárdʰa *Hárdʰā *Hárdʰā, -ās(as)
accusative *Hárdʰam *Hárdʰā *Hárdʰāns
instrumental *Hárdʰā *HárdʰaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām *Hárdʰāyš
ablative *Hárdʰāt *HárdʰaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām *Hárdʰaybʰyas
dative *Hárdʰāy *HárdʰaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām *Hárdʰaybʰyas
genitive *Hárdʰasya *Hárdʰayās *Hárdʰāna(H)m
locative *Hárdʰay *Hárdʰayaw *Hárdʰayšu
  • *Hardʰás (“half”)
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hardʰás
    • Proto-Iranian: *Hardʰáh
      • Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀𐬵 (arəδah)
  • *Hárdʰakš ~ *Hr̥dʰakás
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hŕ̥dʰak
    • Proto-Iranian: *Hárdaxš (see there for further descendants)

Descendants
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hárdʰas
    • Sanskrit: अर्ध (árdha) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Iranian: *Hárdah (see there for further descendants)
  • →? Proto-Finno-Permic: *ertä[4]
    • Proto-Samic: *earttē (see there for further descendants)
    • Udmurt: урд (urd)

References
  1. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “árdha”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
  2. Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 119
  3. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*orz”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 377: “pref. ‘dis-, un-’”
  4. Sammallahti, Pekka (1999) “Saamen kielen ja saamelaisten alkuperästä”, in Fogelberg, Paul, editor, Pohjan poluilla: Suomalaisten juuret nykytutkimuksen mukaan, Helsinki, →ISBN, pages 70–90
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