< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Doubtfully from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s > *dn̥ȷ́ʰwáHs > *diȷ́ʰwáHs > *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáHs > *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH.

Another hypothesis, that is more phonologically sound, is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰi-ǵʰwH-eh₂, a reduplicated noun from *ǵʰewH- (“to invoke”) (whence Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰwáyati).[1] As described by Grassmann's law, in PII the initial consonant loses its aspiration due to the next one being aspirated. Avestan displays dissimilation from an earlier *zizuuā. Reduplicated nouns in PIE are also not unprecedented; note the very common *kʷékʷlos (“wheel”). However, Nuristani evidence (especially from Kamkata-viri and Prasun) points to an earlier preform *diȷ́ʰwáH, which may point to the original Proto-Indo-European word albeit with some remodeling. A similar shift from *diǵʰ- to jih- in Sanskrit is exhibited by जिह्म (jihmá).

Noun

*ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH f

  1. tongue

Declension
aH-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaH *ȷ́iȷ́ʰway *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwās
vocative *ȷ́iȷ́ʰway *ȷ́iȷ́ʰway *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwās
accusative *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwām *ȷ́iȷ́ʰway *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwās
instrumental *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwayaH *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHbʰyā(m) *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHbʰiš
ablative *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwayaHs *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHbʰyā(m) *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHbʰyas
dative *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwayaHy *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHbʰyā(m) *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHbʰyas
genitive *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwayaHs *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwāyās *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHnām
locative *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwayaH(m) *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwāyaw *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHsu

Descendants
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́iźʰwáH
  • Proto-Iranian: *hižwáH (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Nuristani: *diȷ́ū́, *duȷ́ū́
    • Northern Nuristani:
    • Southern Nuristani:
      • Ashkun: žū́ (< earlier *dəjū́)

References
  1. Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura
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