Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ȷ́ʰángʰas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéngʰ-o-s, from *ǵʰengʰ- (“step”).

Noun

*ȷ́ʰángʰas m[1]

(anatomy) ankle, shank

Declension

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ȷ́ʰángʰas	*ȷ́ʰángʰā	*ȷ́ʰángʰā, -ās(as)
vocative	*ȷ́ʰángʰa	*ȷ́ʰángʰā	*ȷ́ʰángʰā, -ās(as)
accusative	*ȷ́ʰángʰam	*ȷ́ʰángʰā	*ȷ́ʰángʰāns
instrumental	*ȷ́ʰángʰā	*ȷ́ʰángʰaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*ȷ́ʰángʰāyš
ablative	*ȷ́ʰángʰāt	*ȷ́ʰángʰaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*ȷ́ʰángʰaybʰyas
dative	*ȷ́ʰángʰāy	*ȷ́ʰángʰaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*ȷ́ʰángʰaybʰyas
genitive	*ȷ́ʰángʰasya	*ȷ́ʰángʰayās	*ȷ́ʰángʰāna(H)m
locative	*ȷ́ʰángʰay	*ȷ́ʰángʰayaw	*ȷ́ʰángʰayšu

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰángʰaH f
- Sanskrit: जङ्घा (jáṅghā) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Iranian: *jángah
- Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬧𐬔𐬀 m (zaṇga)
- Kurdish:
  Central Kurdish: زەنگاڵ (zengall, “leggings”) (< zeng +‎ -all)
- Ossetian: зӕнг (zæng), зӕнгӕ (zængæ)
- Old Persian: [script needed] (*zánga)
  - Middle Persian: (/⁠zang⁠/):
    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (zng, “ankle, shank”)
    - → Arabic: زِنْد (zind, “ulna”)
      - → Persian: زند (zand, “forearm bone”)
- Sogdian: [script needed] (pdfnq /⁠paδfang⁠/, “joint (ankle or wrist)”) (< *pad- +‎ *ȷ́ángah)
- → Old Armenian: զանգապան (zangapan, “greaves”) (from Middle Iranian *zang(a)-pān)
  - Armenian: զանգապան (zangapan)

References

Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

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[1] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University