< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ǰʰánti
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This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-Iranian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰénti.
Inflection
Nonfinite forms of *ǰʰánti
| Infinitive | *ǰʰántum |
|---|---|
| Gerund | *ǰʰantwáH |
| Past passive participle | *ǰʰatás |
| Future passive participle | *gʰā́tyas |
Present forms of *ǰʰánti
| Active | Middle | Passive | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
| Indicative | ||||||||||
| 1st | *ǰʰánmi | *ǰʰanwás | *ǰʰanmás | *gʰnáy | *ǰʰanwádʰHay | *ǰʰanmádʰHay | *ǰʰanyáy | *ǰʰanyáHwadʰHay | *ǰʰanyáHmadʰHay | |
| 2nd | *ǰʰansi | *ǰʰatʰás | *ǰʰatʰá | *ǰʰasáy | *gʰnā́tʰay | *ǰʰadʰHwáy | *ǰʰanyásay | *ǰʰanyáytʰay | *ǰʰanyádʰHway | |
| 3rd | *ǰʰánti | *ǰʰátás | *gʰnánti | *ǰʰatáy | *gʰnā́tay | *gʰnatáy | *ǰʰanyátay | *ǰʰanyáytay | *ǰʰanyántay | |
| Imperative | ||||||||||
| 1st | *ǰʰánaHni | *ǰʰánaHwa | *ǰʰánaHma | *ǰʰánaHy | *ǰʰanáHwadʰHaHy | *ǰʰanáHmadʰHaHy | *ǰʰanyáHy | *ǰʰanyáHwadʰHaHy | *ǰʰanyáHmadʰHaHy | |
| 2nd | *ǰʰadʰí | *ǰʰatám | *ǰʰntá | *ǰʰaswá | *gʰnā́tʰām | *ǰʰadʰHwám | *ǰʰanyáswa | *ǰʰanyáytʰām | *ǰʰanyádʰHwam | |
| 3rd | *ǰʰántu | *ǰʰatā́m | *gʰnántu | *ǰʰatā́m | *gʰnā́tām | *gʰnatā́m | *ǰʰanyátām | *ǰʰanyáytām | *ǰʰanyántam | |
| Optative | ||||||||||
| 1st | *ǰʰanyáHm | *ǰʰanyáHwa | *ǰʰanyáHmas | *gʰniHá | *gʰniHwádʰHi | *gʰniHmádʰHi | *ǰʰanyáyHa | *ǰʰanyáywadʰHi | *ǰʰanyáymadʰHi | |
| 2nd | *ǰʰanyáHs | *ǰʰanyáHtam | *ǰʰanyáHta | *gʰniHtʰā́s | *gʰniHā́tʰām | *gʰniHdʰHwám | *ǰʰanyáytʰās | *ǰʰanyáyHātʰām | *ǰʰanyáydʰHwam | |
| 3rd | *ǰʰanyáHt | *ǰʰanyáHtām | *ǰʰanyáHyunt | *gʰniHtá | *gʰniHātām | *gʰniHránt | *ǰʰanyáyta | *ǰʰanyáyHātām | *ǰʰanyáyrant | |
| Participles | *gʰnánt | *ǰʰanaHnás | *ǰʰanyámHnas | |||||||
Imperfect forms of *ǰʰánti
| Active | Middle | Passive | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
| Indicative | ||||||||||
| 1st | *áǰʰanam | *aǰʰanwá | *aǰʰanmá | *agʰnHí | *aǰʰanwádʰHi | *aǰʰanmádʰHi | *aǰʰanyáy | *aǰʰanyáHwadʰHi | *aǰʰanyáHmadʰHi | |
| 2nd | *áǰʰans | *aǰʰatám | *aǰʰatá | *aǰʰatʰā́s | *agʰnáHtʰām | *aǰʰadʰHwám | *aǰʰanyátʰās | *aǰʰanyáytʰām | *aǰʰanyádʰHwam | |
| 3rd | *áǰʰant | *aǰʰatā́m | *agʰnánt | *aǰʰatá | *agʰnáHtām | *agʰnatá | *aǰʰanyáta | *aǰʰanyáytām | *aǰʰanyánta | |
Descendants
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰánti
- Sanskrit: हन्ति (hánti)
- Proto-Iranian: *ǰánti[2]
- Avestan: 𐬘𐬀𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬌 (jaiṇti)
- Old Persian: 𐎩𐎫𐎡𐎹 (j-t-i-y /jaⁿtiy/)
- Middle Persian: [script needed] (znyt /zanēd/)
- Persian: زدن (zadan)
- Parthian: 𐫋𐫗𐫏𐫅 (jnyd /zanēd/)
- Manichaean Middle Persian: 𐫋𐫗𐫏𐫅 (jnyd /zanēd/)
- Middle Persian: [script needed] (znyt /zanēd/)
- Proto-Nuristani: *ǰánati
- Northern Nuristani:
- Kamkata-viri:
- Kamviri: ǰaňë́-
- Kativiri: ǰařé-
- Prasuni: žnü-
- Kamkata-viri:
- Southern Nuristani:
- Waigali: ẓã-
- Northern Nuristani:
References
- Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “han”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
- Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*ǰan”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 224-225
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