Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/werǵ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*werǵ-[1][2]

to make

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *werǵ-‎ (23 c, 0 e)

*wérǵ-e-ti (thematic present)
- Proto-Celtic: *wregeti (see there for further descendants) (through schwebeablaut)[3]
*wr̥ǵ-yé-ti (zero-grade ye-present)
*wérǵ-ye-ti (full-grade ye-present)
- Proto-Germanic: *wirkijaną (see there for further descendants)
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ἔρδω (érdō, “I do”)
  - Ancient Greek: ῥέζω (rhézō, “I do”) (< *wreǵ-ye- with secondary e-grade)
*werǵ-éh₂
- Proto-Celtic: *wergā (“anger”) (see there for further descendants)
*worǵ-éh₂
- Proto-Hellenic: *worgā́ (“temper; anger, passion”)
  - Ancient Greek: ὀργή (orgḗ)
    - Greek: οργή (orgí)
*werǵ-o-s
- Proto-Celtic: *wergos (adj.) (see there for further descendants)
*worǵ-ó-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *worgós, *-worgós (“worker, maker”)
  - Ancient Greek: -ουργός (-ourgós)
  - Mycenaean Greek: -𐀺𐀒 (-wo-ko /⁠-worgos⁠/)[4]
*wérǵ-o-m
*wr̥ǵ-tó-s
Unsorted formations:
- Albanian:
  - Albanian: argëtoj, argëtim
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ὄργανον (órganon) (see there for further descendants)
  - Ancient Greek: ὄργιον (órgion), ὄργῐᾰ (órgia)
  - >? Mycenaean Greek: 𐀺𐀫𐀑𐀍𐀚𐀍 (wo-ro-ki-jo-ne-jo /⁠worgioneios⁠/)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *warȷ́-
  - Proto-Iranian: *warj- (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swawr̥šti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swawr̥ṣṭi
    - Sanskrit: स्ववृष्टि (svávṛṣṭi, “doing his own work, epithet of Indra”)
- Proto-Tocharian: *wärk-
  - Tocharian A: wärkṣäl
  - Tocharian B: warkṣäl

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*wreg-o”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 429: “*werǵ-”
Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*wreg-o”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 429
John Chadwick, Lydia Baumbach (1963) “The Mycenaean Greek Vocabulary”, in Glotta : Zeitschrift für griechische und lateinische Sprache, volume 41, number 3/4, Göttingen, Germany: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (GmbH & Co. KG), →JSTOR, →OCLC, page 193-4 of 157–271: “ἔργον”

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[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[2] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*wreg-o”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 429: “*werǵ-”

[Matasović-3] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*wreg-o”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 429

[4] John Chadwick, Lydia Baumbach (1963) “The Mycenaean Greek Vocabulary”, in Glotta : Zeitschrift für griechische und lateinische Sprache, volume 41, number 3/4, Göttingen, Germany: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (GmbH & Co. KG), →JSTOR, →OCLC, page 193-4 of 157–271: “ἔργον”