< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wṓkʷs

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From o-grade root noun of *wekʷ- (“to speak”).

Noun

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*wṓkʷs f[1][2]

  1. voice, speech

Inflection
Athematic, acrostatic
singular
nominative *wṓkʷs
genitive *wókʷs
singular dual plural
nominative *wṓkʷs *wókʷh₁(e) *wókʷes
vocative *wókʷ *wókʷh₁(e) *wókʷes
accusative *wókʷm̥ *wókʷh₁(e) *wókʷm̥s
genitive *wókʷs *? *wókʷoHom
ablative *wókʷs *? *wókʷmos
dative *wókʷey *? *wókʷmos
locative *wókʷ, *wókʷi *? *wókʷsu
instrumental *wókʷh₁ *? *wókʷmis

Descendants
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    • Old Prussian: wackis (“outcry”)[3]
    • (possibly) Latvian: vāci (“Germans”)
    • (possibly) Lithuanian: vokietis (“German”)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *wókʷs[2]
    • Ancient Greek: ὄψ (óps)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wā́kš (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Italic: *wōks[1] (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Tocharian: *wek (see there for further descendants)

Derived terms
  • *wṓkʷ-mo-s
    • Proto-Germanic: *wōhmaz, *wōhmô
      • Old English: wōm (“noise”)
      • Old High German: giwahan
      • Old Norse: ómr (“sound”), ómun (“voice”)
      • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *wōhmijaną (“to sound, make a noise”)

References
  1. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “vōx”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 691-692
  2. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὄψ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1138-1139
  3. Mažiulis, Vytautas (1988–1997) “wackis”, in Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas [Etymological dictionary of Old Prussian]‎ (in Lithuanian), Vilnius
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