< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/túh₂
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Alternative forms
- *tī̆, *tū̆, *tuH, *tíh₁, *tu-
Inflection
| Andrew Sihler's reconstruction | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *tī̆ (tū̆) | *yuh₁ (?yūh₁) | *yūs (?yuHs) |
| accusative | *t-wé ~ *te | *uh₁-wé ~ *wō̆h₁ | *usmé ~ *wō̆s |
| genitive | *té-we ~ *tos (adj.) | ? | *usóm ~ *wō̆s |
| ablative | *tw-ét | ? | *usm-ét |
| dative | *tébʰi ~ *tey, *toy | ? | *usm-éy ~ *wō̆s |
| Donald Ringe's reconstruction | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *túh₂ | *yú | *yū́ |
| accusative | *twé ~ *te | *uh₃wé ~ *woh₃ | *uswé ~ *wos |
| genitive | *téwe ~ *toy | ? | ? ~ *wos |
| dative | *tébʰye ~ *toy | ? | ? ~ *wos |
| Alwin Kloekhorst's reconstruction | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Proto-Nuclear-Indo-European | singular | plural | |
| nominative | *tuH | *yuH | |
| accusative | *twe(ge) ~ *twē (?) | *us ~ *wōs (?) | |
| genitive | *tewe ~ *toi | ? | |
| dative | *tebʰi ~ *toy | ? | |
| oblique | *twe- | *us- ~ *wos | |
| Outer-Anatolian IE | singular | plural | |
| nominative | *tuH | *yuH | |
| oblique | *tew-/*tu- | *us- | |
| enclitic | *toy | *wos | |
| Proto-Indo-European | singular | plural | |
| nominative | *tíh₁ | ? | |
| accusative | *tu- | ? | |
| oblique | *tu- | ? | |
| Robert Beekes' reconstruction | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | *tuH | *yuH | |
| accusative | *twé | *usmé ~ *wōs | |
| genitive | *téwe ~ *toy | *yus(er)o- ~ *wos | |
| ablative | *twed | *usmed | |
| dative | *tébʰio ~ *toi | *usmey | |
| locative | *tóy | *usmi | |
| instrumental | *tóy | ? | |
| poss. adj. | *twos | *usos | |
| Frederik Kortlandt's reconstruction | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *tu- | *yuh₁- | *yu- |
| accusative | *twe | *uh₁e | *usme |
| genitive | *tewe | *woh₁ | *wos |
| ablative | *twed | *uh₁ed | *usmed |
| dative | *tubʰi | *uh₁ebʰi | *usmei |
| locative | *toy | *uh₁i | *usmi |
| poss. adj. | *twos | - | *usos |
| Michiel de Vaan's reconstruction | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | *tí(H) | *yúH(s) | |
| accusative | *twé | *wōs | |
| genitive | *téwe ~ *toy | *wos/*wes | |
| ablative | *twéd | ? | |
| dative | *toy | ? | |
| poss. adj. | *twos | *us-tero-s? | |
Derived terms
Descendants
- Proto-Albanian: *tū (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Anatolian: *tī́ǵ (see there for further descendants)
- Armenian:
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tūˀ, *tu (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *tū (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *þū (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *tú (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *túH (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *tū (see there for further descendants)
- Tocharian:
References
- Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008). "Some Indo-Uralic Aspects of Hittite". The Journal of Indo-European Studies 36:1-2.
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
Further reading
- Bičanová, Lenka, Blažek, Václav (2014) “Indo-European personal pronouns: limits of theirs internal reconstruction”, in Linguistica Brunensia, volume 62, number 1, page 29
- Oshiro, Terumasa (1988) “Some Luwian words of Indo-European origin”, in Orient, volume 24, page 50: “(8) your (1097)”
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