< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sth₂tós

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *steh₂- (“to stand up”) +‎ *-tós (deverbal adjectival suffix).

Adjective

*sth₂tós (non-ablauting)[1][2][3][4][5]

  1. placed, standing

Inflection
Thematic
masculine feminine
nominative *sth₂tós *sth₂téh₂
genitive *sth₂tósyo *sth₂téh₂s
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *sth₂tós *sth₂tóh₁ *sth₂tóes
vocative *sth₂té *sth₂tóh₁ *sth₂tóes
accusative *sth₂tóm *sth₂tóh₁ *sth₂tóms
genitive *sth₂tósyo *? *sth₂tóHom
ablative *sth₂téad *? *sth₂tómos
dative *sth₂tóey *? *sth₂tómos
locative *sth₂téy, *sth₂tóy *? *sth₂tóysu
instrumental *sth₂tóh₁ *? *sth₂tṓys
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *sth₂téh₂ *sth₂téh₂h₁(e) *sth₂téh₂es
vocative *sth₂téh₂ *sth₂téh₂h₁(e) *sth₂téh₂es
accusative *sth₂tā́m *sth₂téh₂h₁(e) *sth₂téh₂m̥s
genitive *sth₂téh₂s *? *sth₂téh₂oHom
ablative *sth₂téh₂s *? *sth₂téh₂mos
dative *sth₂téh₂ey *? *sth₂téh₂mos
locative *sth₂téh₂, *sth₂téh₂i *? *sth₂téh₂su
instrumental *sth₂téh₂h₁ *? *sth₂téh₂mis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *sth₂tóm *sth₂tóy(h₁) *sth₂téh₂
vocative *sth₂tóm *sth₂tóy(h₁) *sth₂téh₂
accusative *sth₂tóm *sth₂tóy(h₁) *sth₂téh₂
genitive *sth₂tósyo *? *sth₂tóHom
ablative *sth₂téad *? *sth₂tómos
dative *sth₂tóey *? *sth₂tómos
locative *sth₂téy, *sth₂tóy *? *sth₂tóysu
instrumental *sth₂tóh₁ *? *sth₂tṓys

Descendants
  • Proto-Albanian: *(ambhi-)stata
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stata- (“stood (up)”)[5]
    • Latvian: stats (“stake, post”)
    • Lithuanian: stãtas (“line of sheafs of grain in a field”)
  • Proto-Germanic: *stadaz
  • Proto-Hellenic: *statós[2]
    • Ancient Greek: στᾰτός (statós)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stʰHtás
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *stʰHtás
    • Proto-Iranian: *stʰHtáh
      • Avestan: 𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬙𐬀 (stāta)
      • Parthian: (/⁠ištād⁠/, “situated”)
        Manichaean script: 𐫙𐫢𐫤𐫀𐫅 (ʿštʾd)
      • Old Persian: *𐎿𐎫𐎫 (*s-t-t /⁠*stata⁠/, “standed”)
        • Middle Persian: (/⁠istād⁠/, “standed”)
          Manichaean script: 𐫙𐫏𐫘𐫤𐫀𐫅 (ʿystʾd)
  • Proto-Italic: *statos[3] (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Demiraj, B. (1997) “shtat”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎ (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 260
  2. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “στατός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1391
  3. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sistō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 567
  4. Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 161
  5. Kim, Ronald (2018) “The Phonology of Balto-Slavic”, in Jared S. Klein, Brian Joseph, and Matthias Fritz, editors, Handbook of Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook‎, Berlin: de Gruyter, →ISBN
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