< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/nebʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*nebʰ-[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]

  1. to become damp, cloudy

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *nebʰ-‎ (9 c, 0 e)
  • *nébʰ-eti ~ *nébʰ-onti (thematic imperfective)[2]
    • Proto-Hellenic: *népʰō
      • Ancient Greek: σῠννέφει (sunnéphei), σῠννέφω (sunnéphō)
  • *ne-nóbʰ-e ~ *ne-mbʰ-ḗr (reduplicated stative)[2]
    • Proto-Hellenic: *nenopʰa
      • Ancient Greek: σῠννένοφᾰ (sunnénopha)
  • *nébʰ-o-s (see there for further descendants)
  • *nebʰ-e-lo-s
    • Proto-Germanic: *nebulō[4], *nebulaz[4], *nebalaz[5] (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *nepʰélā[6]
    • Proto-Italic: *neβelā[7]
      • Latin: nebula (see there for further descendants)
  • *n̥bʰ-ró-s (see there for further descendants)
  • *n̥bʰ-tó-s
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *nabʰtás
      • Proto-Iranian: *nabtás
        • Avestan: 𐬥𐬀𐬞𐬙𐬀 (napta, “moist, wet”)
        • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (nβdk), [script needed] (nβc), [script needed] (nβdc)
        • Parthian: 𐫗𐫜𐫤 (nft)
        • Pashto: [script needed] (nūnd), [script needed] (nūmd)
        • Old Persian: *naftah (“moist, wet”)
        • Sogdian:
          Christian: ܢܒܬܐܟ, ܢܒܬܟ
          Manichaean: Sogdian: 𐫗𐫂𐫎𐫏𐫏 (nβṯyy), 𐫗𐫂𐫤𐫏𐫏 (nβtyy)
  • (possibly) *nébʰ-tu-s

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “enebh-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 315-316
  2. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. *nebʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 448
  3. Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*nebʰ-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 499-504
  4. Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “nevel”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎ (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press
  5. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*nebala-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 386
  6. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “νεφέλη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1012
  7. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “nebula”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 404
  8. Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*nab”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 276
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