< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂eǵ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₂eǵ- (imperfective)

  1. to drive

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eǵ-‎ (42 c, 0 e)
  • *h₂éǵ-e-ti (thematic root present)
  • *h₂eǵ-dʰlo-[1]
    • Proto-Italic: *agdlom?
      • ⇒ Latin: (co)āgulum (see there for further descendants)
  • *h₂eǵ-i-no- (“of a goat; goat-skin”)[2]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *āˀźina
      • Lithuanian: oženà f (“goat-skin”), ožìnis (“goat”, adj.)
      • Proto-Slavic: *azьno n (“goat-skin”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
        • Sanskrit: अजिन n (ajína, “skin (of an animal, esp. goat), hide; pelt, fur; leather bag”)
      • Proto-Iranian:
        • Avestan: 𐬍𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀 (īzaēna, “leathern”)
  • *h₂éǵ-mn̥ ~ *h₂ǵ-mén-s
    • Proto-Hellenic: *ákʰmə
      • ⇒ Aeolic Greek: ἄχματα (ákhmata)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háȷ́ma
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Háȷ́ma
        • Sanskrit: अज्मन् (ájman)
    • Proto-Italic: *agmən
      • Latin: agmen
        • ⇒ Latin: exāmen (see there for further descendants)
  • *h₂óǵ-mo-s (“drive, path”)[3]
    • Proto-Hellenic: *ógmos
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háȷ́mas
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Háȷ́mas
        • Sanskrit: अज्म (ájma, “course, passage”)
  • *h₂eǵ-nó-s
    • >? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *agnas
      • Lithuanian: agnùs (“agile, energetic”)
  • *h₂(e)ǵ-ó-s
    • Proto-Hellenic: *agós
      • Ancient Greek: ἀγός (agós, “leader”)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Haȷ́ás (“leader; goat”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *h₂éǵ-ro-s (“field, pasturage”)
  • *h₂eǵ-ro- (“hunt, slaughter”)
    • Proto-Celtic: *agrom (“slaughter, battle”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: ἄγρα (ágra, “hunt”), ᾰ̓́γρη (ágrē)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
      • ⇒ Avestan: 𐬀𐬰𐬭𐬋𐬛𐬀𐬌𐬜𐬍 (azrōdaiδī, “hunt”)
  • *h₂eḱs- (“axis”)[4]
  • *h₂ǵ-es- (post-PIE)
  • *h₂ǵ-tó-s
    • ⇒ Proto-Celtic: *ambaxtos
      • Proto-Brythonic: *ammaɨθ
        • Old Breton: ambaith
        • Cornish: ammeth
        • Middle Welsh: amaeth
          • Welsh: amaeth
      • Old Irish: amos, amsach (perhaps borrowed from Brythonic)
      • Gaulish: ambaxtos
        • → Latin: ambactus, ambaxtus[5] (see there for further descendants)
        • → Proto-Germanic: *ambahtaz (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *aktós
      • Ancient Greek: ἐπακτός (epaktós)
    • Proto-Italic: *aktos
      • Latin: āctus (see there for further descendants)
  • *h₂éǵ-tōr ~ *h₂ǵ-trés
    • Proto-Hellenic: *áktōr
      • Ancient Greek: ἄκτωρ (áktōr)
    • Proto-Italic: *aktōr
      • Latin: actor (see there for further descendants)
  • *h₂éǵ-tr-eh₂
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HáštraH (see there for further descendants)
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Indo-Aryan:
      • Sanskrit:
        • Sanskrit: आजि (āji, “match, competition”)
    • Iranian:
      • Classical Persian: آژیانه (āžiyāna, “the marbled field or ground”)
      • Classical Persian: آژینه (āžīna, “the iron tool which releated to axile”)
      • Zazaki: hêga (hēgā, “ground, earth”) (maybe from un-iranian roots)
    • Proto-Tocharian: *āk[6]
      • Tocharian A: āk
      • Tocharian B: āk
    • Proto-Tocharian: *ekäñye- (possibly)[7]

Descendants

References
  • De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  • Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₂eg̑-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 255f
  • Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*h₂eg̑-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 267-277
  1. Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
  2. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*azьno”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, pages 31–32
  3. Calin, Didier (2017) “path”, in Dictionary of Indo-European Poetic and Religious Themes (Linguistique; 3), Les Cent Chemins, →ISBN, page 173
  4. Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 4
  5. Lambert, Pierre-Yves, Pinault, Georges-Jean (2007) Gaulois et celtique continental‎, page 191
  6. Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “āk”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 38
  7. Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “ekaññi”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 79
  8. Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “āk-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 38-39
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