< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁yaǵ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₁yaǵ-[1][2]

  1. to sacrifice
  2. to worship

Alternative reconstructions

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁yaǵ-‎ (18 c, 0 e)
  • >? *h₁iǵ-yé-ti (deponent ye-present)[4][7]
    • Proto-Anatolian:
      • Luwian: (“to worship?; to make, perform”)
        Anatolian Hieroglyphs script: [Term?] (/⁠izi-⁠/)
  • *h₁yáǵ-e-ti (root thematic present)[4]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyáȷ́ati (see there for further descendants)
  • *h₁yā́ǵ-s-t ~ h₁yáǵ-s-n̥t (s-aorist)[4]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyā́ȷ́št
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hyā́ȷ́ṣṭ
        • Sanskrit: अयाट् (áyāṭ), अयष्ट (áyaṣṭa)
  • *h₁yáǵ-ye-ti (ye-present)[6][8]
    • Proto-Hellenic: *haďďomai
    • Proto-Italic: *jagjō ~ *jagjentō[6][8]
      • Latin: ieientō, ientō (“to have breakfast”) (see there for further descendants)
  • >? *h₁ya-né-ǵ-ti ~ h₁ya-n-ǵ-énti (nasal infix)[9]
    • Proto-Tocharian:
      • Tocharian B: yāṅk- (“to be deluded; to cast a spell on, bewitch”)
  • *h₁yáǵ-nós
    • Proto-Hellenic: *hagnós
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyaȷ́nás (see there for further descendants)
  • *h₁yáǵ-u-s
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyáȷ́uš
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hyáȷ́uṣ
        • Sanskrit: यजुस् (yájus, “veneration, worship, sacerdotal formula”)
  • *h₁yáǵ-yo-s[6]
    • Proto-Hellenic: *hágijos
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyáȷ́yas
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hyáȷ́yas
        • Sanskrit: यज्य (yájya)
  • *h₁yáǵ-yu-s[6][8]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyáȷ́yuš
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hyáȷ́yuṣ
        • Sanskrit: यज्यु (yájyu, “worshipping, devout; worthy of worship, adorable”)
    • Proto-Italic: *jagjus[6][8]
      • ⇒ Proto-Italic: *jagjūnos[6][8]
        • Latin: iaiūnus, ieiūnus (“fasting, abstinent”) (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2023) “*h₁i̯ag̑-”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎
  2. Byrd, Andrew Miles (2015) The Indo-European Syllable (Brill's Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics; 15), Leiden: Brill, page 264: “*h₁i̯a(h₂)g̑-”
  3. Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, first edition, Oxford: Blackwell, pages 131, 255
  4. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*Hi̯ag̑-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 224
  5. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “i̯ag-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 501-502
  6. Forssman, Bernhard (1993) “Lateinisch ieiunus und ieientare”, in Meiser, pages 95-105: “*i̯ag̑-”
  7. Lubotsky, Alexander (1981) “Gr. pḗgnumi : Skt. pajrá- and loss of laryngeals before mediae in Indo-Iranian.”, in Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft, volume 40, page 135: “*i̯eh₂g̑-”
  8. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “ieiūnus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 296-297
  9. Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “yāṅk-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 526-527
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