< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁wers-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

Root

*h₁wers-[5][6][7]

  1. to rain

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁wers-‎ (12 c, 0 e)
  • *h₁wérs-e-ti
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hwáršati
  • *h₁wors-éye-ti
    • Proto-Hellenic: *eworhéyō
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hwaršáyati
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hwarṣáyati
        • Sanskrit: वर्षयति (varṣáyati)
  • *h₁wr̥s-yé-ti
    • Proto-Anatolian:
      • >? Hittite: [Term?] (/⁠warsiyezzi⁠/)
  • *h₁wérs-os[5]
    • Proto-Hellenic: *ewérsā
      • Ancient Greek: ἕρση (hérsē, “dew”)
  • *h₁wr̥s-tó-s
    • Proto-Celtic: *wrastos[6]
      • Old Irish: fros (“rain-shower”)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hwr̥štás
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hwr̥ṣṭás
      • Proto-Iranian: *Hwr̥štáh
        • Avestan: 𐬀𐬌𐬡𐬌-𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬙𐬀 (aiβi-varəšta, “rained upon”)
  • *h₁wérs-ti-s ~ *h₁wr̥s-téy-s
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hwŕ̥štiš
  • *pro-h₁wérs ~ *pro-h₁wr̥s-és (with *pro- (“forth”))
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *praHwŕ̥š (“rain”)
  • *h₁wers-óm
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hwaršám
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hwarṣám
        • Sanskrit: वर्ष n or m (varṣá) (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations
  • Proto-Anatolian:
    • >? Hittite: [Term?] (/⁠warsa⁠/)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
    • Proto-Iranian:
      • Gurani: [script needed] (wišani), [script needed] (wašt)

References
  1. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₂u̯ers-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 592
  2. Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 291
  3. Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “VARṢ”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 522
  4. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “vars.-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
  5. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἕρση”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 465
  6. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*wrasto-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 429
  7. Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 98
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