< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁rudʰrós
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Declension
| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *h₁rudʰrós | *h₁rudʰréh₂ | |
| genitive | *h₁rudʰrósyo | *h₁rudʰréh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *h₁rudʰrós | *h₁rudʰróh₁ | *h₁rudʰróes |
| vocative | *h₁rudʰré | *h₁rudʰróh₁ | *h₁rudʰróes |
| accusative | *h₁rudʰróm | *h₁rudʰróh₁ | *h₁rudʰróms |
| genitive | *h₁rudʰrósyo | *? | *h₁rudʰróHom |
| ablative | *h₁rudʰréad | *? | *h₁rudʰrómos |
| dative | *h₁rudʰróey | *? | *h₁rudʰrómos |
| locative | *h₁rudʰréy, *h₁rudʰróy | *? | *h₁rudʰróysu |
| instrumental | *h₁rudʰróh₁ | *? | *h₁rudʰrṓys |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *h₁rudʰréh₂ | *h₁rudʰréh₂h₁(e) | *h₁rudʰréh₂es |
| vocative | *h₁rudʰréh₂ | *h₁rudʰréh₂h₁(e) | *h₁rudʰréh₂es |
| accusative | *h₁rudʰrā́m | *h₁rudʰréh₂h₁(e) | *h₁rudʰréh₂m̥s |
| genitive | *h₁rudʰréh₂s | *? | *h₁rudʰréh₂oHom |
| ablative | *h₁rudʰréh₂s | *? | *h₁rudʰréh₂mos |
| dative | *h₁rudʰréh₂ey | *? | *h₁rudʰréh₂mos |
| locative | *h₁rudʰréh₂, *h₁rudʰréh₂i | *? | *h₁rudʰréh₂su |
| instrumental | *h₁rudʰréh₂h₁ | *? | *h₁rudʰréh₂mis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *h₁rudʰróm | *h₁rudʰróy(h₁) | *h₁rudʰréh₂ |
| vocative | *h₁rudʰróm | *h₁rudʰróy(h₁) | *h₁rudʰréh₂ |
| accusative | *h₁rudʰróm | *h₁rudʰróy(h₁) | *h₁rudʰréh₂ |
| genitive | *h₁rudʰrósyo | *? | *h₁rudʰróHom |
| ablative | *h₁rudʰréad | *? | *h₁rudʰrómos |
| dative | *h₁rudʰróey | *? | *h₁rudʰrómos |
| locative | *h₁rudʰréy, *h₁rudʰróy | *? | *h₁rudʰróysu |
| instrumental | *h₁rudʰróh₁ | *? | *h₁rudʰrṓys |
Descendants
- Armenian:
- Old Armenian: արոյդ (aroyd), երոյդ (eroyd), արուրդ (arurd), երուրդ (erurd)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *rudras[1]
- Proto-Slavic: *rъdrъ
- Proto-Germanic: *rudraz
- ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *rudrijaną
- ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *rudrǭ
- Proto-Hellenic: *erutʰrós (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hrudʰrás
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hrudʰrás
- Sanskrit: रुधिर (rudhirá) (analogically reshaped after रुधिक्रा (rudhikrā́)) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hrudʰrás
- Proto-Italic: *ruðros (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Tocharian: *rŭtäre (see there for further descendants)
Further reading
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἐρυθρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 465-466
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “ruber, -bra, -brum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 527-528
References
- Derksen, Rick (2015) “rudas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 384
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