Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁néwn̥dḱomt

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *h₁néwn̥ (“nine”) +‎ *déḱm̥ (“ten”).

Numeral

**Proto-Indo-European cardinal numbers**
< 80	90	100 >
Cardinal : h₁néwn̥dḱomt Ordinal* : *h₁newn̥dḱm̥tós[1]

*h₁néwn̥dḱomt[2]

ninety

Descendants

*h₁nunē-ḱomt-h₂[3]
- Proto-Armenian: *in(u)nísun
  - Old Armenian: իննսուն (innsun)
    - Armenian: իննսուն (innsun)
*h₁néwn̥-(d)ḱomt-h₂[4]
- Proto-Hellenic: *ennéwəkontə
  - Ancient Greek: ἐνενήκοντα (enenḗkonta), ἐννήκοντα (ennḗkonta)
    - Greek: ενενήντα (enenínta)
*h₁néwn̥-(d)ḱm̥t-h₂[5][6]
- Proto-Italic: *nounagmta
  - Old Latin: *nūnagintā
    - Latin: nōnāgintā (see there for further descendants)
      - Vulgar Latin: *nōvāgintā (see there for further descendants)
*h₁néwn̥-(d)ḱm̥t-om
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *newin(t)śumta
  - ⇒ Proto-Slavic: *devę(t)nòsъto (see there for further descendants)
h₁néwn̥-(d)ḱōmt
- Proto-Tocharian: *ñäwäka[7]
  - Tocharian A: nmuk
  - Tocharian B: ñumka, ñuṅka

Proto-Celtic: *naukontes
- Old Irish: nócha
  - Middle Irish: nócha
    - Irish: nócha
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hnawatí (see there for further descendants)

References

Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004, 2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 238
Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “inn-sun”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 302
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἐνενήκοντα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 423
De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “-gintā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 262
De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “novem”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 415
Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “ñumka ~ ñuṅka”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 287

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[Fortson_p132-1] Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004, 2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell

[2] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 238

[3] Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “inn-sun”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 302

[4] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἐνενήκοντα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 423

[5] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “-gintā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 262

[6] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “novem”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 415

[7] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “ñumka ~ ñuṅka”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 287