< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰebʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*gʰebʰ-

  1. to give
  2. to take

Notes
  • Formerly taken as equivalent to *gʰeh₁bʰ- until the advent of the laryngeal theory.[1] A reconstruction *gʰHebʰ- may also be possible, but it is not favored.
  • Some scholars maintain the traditional reconstruction of *gʰabʰ-, arguing that the two should not be arbitrarily separated.[2]

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰebʰ-‎ (10 c, 0 e)
  • *gʰebʰ-e-ti (root present)[3][4]
    • >? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gebtei
      • Eastern Baltic:
        • Lithuanian: gebė́ti (“to be able, wont (to)”)
    • Proto-Germanic: *gebaną (see there for further descendants)
  • *gʰe-gʰóbʰ-e (stative)[3]
    • >? Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Eastern Baltic:
        • ⇒ Lithuanian: at-gė́bau (“brought about”, 1s.pret.)
    • Proto-Germanic: *gab (“gave”, 1s/3s.ind.pret.)
  • *gʰébʰ-os ~ gʰébʰ-es-os (s-stem)
    • ⇒ *gʰébʰ-es-tis (“arm, hand”)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰábʰastiš
  • >? *gʰébʰ-l̥ ~ gʰbʰ-l-és (“head”), *gʰébʰ-ōl
  • Unsorted formations:
    • >? Latvian: gãbtiês (“snatch, grab”)
    • >? Lithuanian: góbti (“to snatch, grab, take”)
    • >? Proto-Slavic: *gabati (“to seize, take”) (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, § 1.4.1.1. Material, pages 92–93, s.v. “habēre”
  2. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gabati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, pages 159–160
  3. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*gʰebʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 193
  4. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*geban-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 173
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