Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/deḱ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*deḱ-[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]

to take
to perceive

Descendants

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *deḱ-‎ (13 c, 0 e)

*déḱ-t ~ *dḱ-ént (athematic root aorist)[1][2][3]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ἔδεκτο (édekto)
    Homeric Greek: δέκτο (dékto)
    
    Mycenaean Greek: 𐀆𐀒𐀵 (de-ko-to /⁠dekto⁠/)
*dḗḱ-ti ~ *déḱ-n̥ti (athematic Narten present)[2] or *dé-deḱ-ti ~ *dé-dḱ-n̥ti (reduplicated athematic present)[3][4][5]
- ⇒ *dēḱ-wéh₂
  - Proto-Germanic: *tēwō (“order, array”) < *tēgwō (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ *dēḱ-w-éye-ti
  - Proto-Germanic: *tēwijaną (“to order, arrange”)
    - ⇒? Proto-Germanic: *tēwijaz (“ordered, ranked, classed”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *deśitei
  - Proto-Slavic: *desiti (“find, encounter”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: δέχομαι (dékhomai)
    Ionic, Aeolic, Cretan Greek: δέκομαι (dékomai)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dā́ćti (“to worship”)
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dā́ṣṭi
    - Sanskrit: दाष्टि (dā́ṣṭi), दाश्ति (dā́śti)
  - Proto-Iranian: *dā́šti (“to honor”)
    - Avestan: 𐬛𐬁𐬱𐬙𐬀- (dāšta-, “worshipped”, verbal adjective)
    - Khotanese: [script needed] (dāś-, “to receive with honor”) (or borrowed from Sanskrit)
*dḱ-néw-ti ~ *dḱ-nw-énti (new-present)[2]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dāćnáwti
  - Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dāśnáwti
    - Sanskrit: दाश्नोति (dāśnóti, “attends, reveres”)
*de-dóḱ-e ~ *de-dḱ-ḗr (reduplicated perfect)[2][3][6]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: δέδεξο (dédexo)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dadā́ća
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dadā́śa
    - Sanskrit: ददाश (dadā́śa)
- Proto-Italic: *dedokai (see there for further descendants)
*dḱ-eh₁-(yé)-ti (eh₁-stative)[2][7]
- Proto-Italic: *dekēō
  - Latin: decet (see there for further descendants)
  - Umbrian: 𐌕𐌉𐌜𐌉𐌕 (tiçit, 3rd singular present indicative)
*di-dḱ-sé-ti (reduplicated desiderative)[2]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *diHćšáti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *diHṭṣáti
    - Sanskrit: दीक्षते (dīkṣáte, “dedicates oneself”)
*di-dḱ-sḱé-ti (reduplicated sḱe-inchoative)[6]
- Proto-Italic: *diskō
  - Latin: discō (“learn”) (see there for further descendants)
*doḱ-éye-ti (causative)[2][8][9]
The LIV assigns Hittite 𒁕𒀀𒀝𒆠 (da-a-ak-ki /⁠dākki⁠/), 𒋫𒀝𒆠 (ta-ak-ki /⁠dakki⁠/, “resembles”, 3rd person singular present active), 𒈭𒃷𒍣 (ták-kán-zi /⁠takkanzi⁠/, “resemble”, 3rd person plural present active) and Ancient Greek δοκέω (dokéō, “think, suppose”) to this root. Kloekhorst rejects this in favor of *do^k/_ḱh₁éy, *do^k/_ḱh₁énti.[14] Beekes prefers to think of δοκέω (dokéō) as reflecting a deverbative derivation from δέχομαι (dékhomai).[15]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic: *dositi (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *dokeō
  - Latin: doceō (see there for further descendants)
*dḱ-tó-s
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: δεκτός (dektós)
*dḱ-nó-s[7]
- Proto-Italic: *deknos
  - Latin: dignus
*doḱ-o-
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: δοκός (dokós)
*doḱ-éh₂
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: δοχή (dokhḗ)
    - → Latin: doga (see there for further descendants)
*dóḱ-s(e)h₂
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: δόξᾰ (dóxa)
*dóḱ-mn̥
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: δόγμα (dógma)
*déḱ-os ~ *déḱ-es- (“what is proper”)[7][10][11][12]
*déḱ-ōs ~ *déḱ-es-
- Proto-Italic: *dekōs
  - Latin: decor
*déḱ-s-
*déḱm̥ (“ten”) (+ *ḱm̥t/*ḱómt (“hand”))
*déḱ-weh₂
- Proto-Germanic: *tehwō (“order, array”) (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *tehwōną

References

Pokorny, Julius (1959) chapter 189, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 189 of 189, 190
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 109-112
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “δέχομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 320-321
Cheung, Johnny (2007) “das¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 64
Derksen, Rick (2008) “desiti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 100
De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “discō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 172
De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “decet”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 164
De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “doceō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 176
Derksen, Rick (2008) “dositi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 114
Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 94
Karin Stüber (2006) “Die indogermanischen Ausdrücke für ‘rechts’ und ‘links’”. International Journal of Diachronic Linguistics and Linguistic Reconstruction, 3, 61-72.
De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “dexter”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 168
Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “*dek-”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 937
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “δοκέω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 344-345

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[IEW-1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) chapter 189, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 189 of 189, 190

[LIV-2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 109-112

[B_δέχομαι-3] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “δέχομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 320-321

[Cheung-4] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “das¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 64

[D_desiti-5] Derksen, Rick (2008) “desiti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 100

[DV_disco-6] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “discō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 172

[DV_decet-7] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “decet”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 164

[DV_doceo-8] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “doceō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 176

[D_dositi-9] Derksen, Rick (2008) “dositi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 114

[Mata-10] Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 94

[Stüber-11] Karin Stüber (2006) “Die indogermanischen Ausdrücke für ‘rechts’ und ‘links’”. International Journal of Diachronic Linguistics and Linguistic Reconstruction, 3, 61-72.

[DV_dexter-12] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “dexter”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 168

[13] Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “*dek-”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

[14] Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 937

[15] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “δοκέω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 344-345