< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰeydʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*bʰeydʰ- (imperfective)[1]

  1. to compel, force
  2. to trust

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeydʰ-‎ (24 c, 0 e)
  • *bʰéydʰ-e-ti (thematic root present)
  • *bʰéydʰ-e-tor (deponent)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáydʰatay
  • *bʰe-bʰóydʰ-e ~ *bʰe-bʰidʰ-ḗr (stative)
  • *bʰidʰ-tó-s[2]
  • *bʰeydʰ-os
    • Proto-Hellenic: *peitʰos
      • Ancient Greek: πειθός (peithós, “persuasive, credible, faithful”)[2] (⇒ Εὐπείθης (Eupeíthēs), εὐπειθής (eupeithḗs, “persuadable”); ἀπειθής (apeithḗs, “unconvinced, disobedient”))
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰaydʰás
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *baydʰás
        • Sanskrit: बाध (bādhá)
    • Proto-Italic: *feiðos
      • Old Latin: fīdus (“loyal, faithful, ally”)[2]
      • Latin: foedus (“treaty, pact, alliance”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáydʰas
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *báydʰas
        • Sanskrit: बाधस् (bā́dhas)
  • *bʰoydʰ-éh₂
    • Proto-Albanian: *baidā[3]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baidāˀ
      • Latvian: bads
      • Proto-Slavic: *běda (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *baidō[2]
      • Old English: bād (“pledge; expectation”)
      • Old High German: bīta (“expectation, hesitation, wait”)
  • *bʰeydʰ-ti-s
    • Proto-Albanian: *baitši
    • >? Proto-Celtic: *banssus[5] (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *pítstis
  • *bʰoydʰ-éye-ti
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baideitei
      • Proto-Slavic: *běditi (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *baidijaną (see there for further descendants)

Reconstruction notes

The Sanskrit forms with long ā can be explained as an irregular development of earlier *ay < *ey/*oy.

References
  1. Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
  2. Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*bʰei̯dʰ-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, page 12
  3. Schumacher, Stefan, Matzinger, Joachim (2013) Die Verben des Altalbanischen: Belegwörterbuch, Vorgeschichte und Etymologie (Albanische Forschungen; 33) (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 236
  4. Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “be”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 20
  5. Trumper, John. "Some Celto‑Albanian isoglosses and their implications." Structuring Variation in Romance Linguistics and Beyond. In honour of Leonardo M. Savoia (2018).
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