< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰeyh₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*bʰeyh₂-[1]

  1. to shake, tremble
  2. to fear, be afraid
Alternative reconstructions
Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeyh₂- (fear)‎ (8 c, 0 e)
  • *bʰéyh₂-e-tor ~ *bʰéyh₂-o-ntor (mediopassive root present)[1]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáyHatay (see there for further descendants)
  • *bʰéyh₂-dʰe-ti (dʰe-present)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    • Proto-Italic: *foiðō
      • ⇒ Proto-Italic: *foiðos
        • Latin: foedus (see there for further descendants)
  • *bʰéyh₂-t ~ *bʰih₂-ént (athematic root perfect)[1]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáyHt
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰáyHt
        • Sanskrit: भेम (bhema, 1pl.inj.act.)
  • *bʰí-bʰeyh₂-ti (i-reduplicated present)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bajā́ˀtei (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰíbʰayHti
  • *bʰi-bʰóyh₂-e ~ *bʰi-bʰih₂-ḗr (i-reduplicated stative)[1]
    • Proto-Germanic: *bibāną (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰibʰā́yHa (see there for further descendants)
  • *bʰih₂-mó-s
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰiHmás (see there for further descendants)
  • *bʰih₂-tó-s
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰiHtás (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰei̯h₂-⁰”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 72
  2. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “bhōi- : bhəi- : bhī- (bhii̯ə-)”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 161-162

Etymology 2

Possibly connected with *bʰeyh₂- (“to strike; to fear”) above, as a semantic relationship between “shake” and “strike” is widely paralleled.

Root

*bʰeyh₂-[1]

  1. to strike, hit
  2. to hew, cut
Alternative reconstructions
Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeyh₂- (strike)‎ (10 c, 0 e)
  • *bʰéyh₂-ti ~ *bʰih₂-énti (athematic root present)[4]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bī́ˀtei (“to beat”)[4] (see there for further descendants)
  • *bʰih₂-éh₁ye-ti (eh₁-stative)[5]
    • Proto-Germanic: *bijēną, *biēną (“to hit”)[5]
      • Icelandic: bjá
  • *bʰi-né-h₂-ti (nasal-infix present)[2][5]
    • Proto-Celtic: *binati (“to strike, hit”)[6] (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Italic: *finō[7]
  • *bʰih₂-tró-s[5][8]
    • Proto-Hellenic: *pʰītrós
  • *bʰih₂-tweh₂[4][5]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bī́ˀtwāˀ
      • Proto-Slavic: *bìtva (“a battle, fight”)[4] (see there for further descendants)
  • *bʰoyh₂-ó-s[4][5]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baiˀjas
      • Proto-Slavic: *bojь (“a battle, fight”)[4] (see there for further descendants)
  • *bʰoyh₂-nóm
    • Proto-Germanic: *bainą (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) “*bʰeihₐ- 'strike'”, in The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press
  2. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰei̯Η-⁰”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 72
  3. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “bhei(ə)-, bhī-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 117-118
  4. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*bìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 41: “*bʰiH-”
  5. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bi(j)ēn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 64: “*bheiH- 'to hit'”
  6. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*bi-na-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 65: “*bʰeyH- 'strike'”
  7. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “fīnis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 222: “*bhiH- 'to hit, strike'”
  8. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “φιτρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1574: “*bʰiH- 'to strike, hew, cut'”
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