Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)teyg-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*(s)teyg-[1][2][3][4][5]

to be sharp
to sting

Derived terms

*(s)tig-yé-ti (ye-present)[2]
- Proto-Hellenic: *stiďďō
  - Ancient Greek: στίζω (stízō)
*(s)téyg-e-tor
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *táyǰatay
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *táyȷ́atay
    - Sanskrit: तेजते (téjate)
- Proto-Italic: *steigō[6]
  - Latin: (īn-)stīgō
*(s)tig-e-ti[7]
- Proto-Germanic: *stikaną
*(s)téyg-os ~ *(s)téyg-es-os
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *táyǰas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *táyȷ́as
    - Sanskrit: तेजस् (téjas)
*(s)tig-tó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tiktás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tiktás
    - Sanskrit: तिक्त (tiktá) (see there for further descendants)
  - Ossetian: цыхт (cyxt)
*(s)tig-mó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tigmás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tigmás
    - Sanskrit: तिग्म (tigmá)
*(s)tig-ró-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tigrás
  - Proto-Iranian: *tigráh
    - Avestan: 𐬙𐬌𐬖𐬭𐬀 (tiγra)
    - Old Persian: 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼 (t-i-g-r /⁠tigra⁠/)
*(s)téyg-yōs ~ *(s)tig-is-és
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *táyǰyas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *táyȷ́yas
    - Sanskrit: तेजीयस् (téjīyas)
  - Proto-Iranian: *táyǰyah[8]
    - Middle Persian: [script needed] (tyc /⁠tēz⁠/)
      - Persian: تیز (tiz)
    - Kurdish:
      Northern Kurdish: tîj, tûj
      
      Central Kurdish: تیژ (tîj), تێژ (têj)
(s)téyg-mn̥ ~ *(s)tig-mén-s
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: στῐ́γμᾰ (stígma)

Unsorted formations

Proto-Germanic: *þistilaz
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tikšnás
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tikṣṇás
  - Sanskrit: तीक्ष्ण (tīkṣṇá)

References

Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1016
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*(s)tei̯g-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 592
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “στίζω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1405
Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “tej”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 372
De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “īnstīgāre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 305
Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*stekan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 476
Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “tigmá-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

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[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1016

[LIV-2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*(s)tei̯g-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 592

[3] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “στίζω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1405

[4] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “tej”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[5] Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 372

[6] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “īnstīgāre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 305

[7] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*stekan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 476

[8] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “tigmá-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University