< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵem-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative forms

Root

*ǵem-[2]

  1. to marry

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵem-‎ (8 c, 0 e)
  • *ǵm̥-is (“marriage”)
    • Proto-Iranian: *ȷ́ā́miš
      • Avestan: 𐬰𐬁𐬨𐬌 (zāmi, “giving birth”)
  • *ǵm̥-rós (“son in law”)[2][1]
    • >? Proto-Albanian: *dzanra[3] (or from *ǵem-tēr)
    • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: γαμβρός (gambrós), γαβρός (gabrós), γαμρός (gamrós), γαββρός (gabbrós), γαμερός (gamerós)
    • Proto-Italic: *genros
      • Latin: gener (see there for further descendants)
  • *ǵém-ti-s ~ *ǵm̥-téy-s (“matrimony”)
    • Proto-Iranian: *ȷ́ā́mtiš
      • Avestan: 𐬰𐬁𐬨𐬌𐬙𐬌 (zāmiti, “child-birth”)
  • Unsorted formations:
    • >? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źénˀtis, *źénˀtas (“son-in-law”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Hellenic:
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ā́mātā (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
      • Sanskrit: जार (ȷ́ā́ra, ȷ́ārá, “paramour, lover, intimate companion”)
      • Sanskrit: जार्य (jāryá, “intimacy; companionship”)
    • >? Proto-Indo-Iranian:
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
      • Sanskrit: जामि (ȷ́āmí, “female relative; daughter-in-law; consanguinity”)

References
  1. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 259
  2. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 258
  3. Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “dhëndër ~ dhandër”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 82
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