जार
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- জাৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬚᬵᬭ (Balinese script)
- জার (Bengali script)
- 𑰕𑰯𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀚𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- ဇာရ (Burmese script)
- જાર (Gujarati script)
- ਜਾਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌜𑌾𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦗꦴꦫ (Javanese script)
- 𑂔𑂰𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ಜಾರ (Kannada script)
- ជារ (Khmer script)
- ຊາຣ (Lao script)
- ജാര (Malayalam script)
- ᡯᠠ᠊ᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘕𑘰𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᠽᠠᢗᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦵𑧑𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐖𑐵𑐬 (Newa script)
- ଜାର (Odia script)
- ꢙꢵꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆘𑆳𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖕𑖯𑖨 (Siddham script)
- ජාර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩣𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚑𑚭𑚤 (Takri script)
- ஜார (Tamil script)
- జార (Telugu script)
- ชาร (Thai script)
- ཛཱ་ར (Tibetan script)
- 𑒖𑒰𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨥𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology 1
From the root जॄ (jṝ, “to grow old”).
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of जार | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | जारः (jāraḥ) | ||
| Gen. sg. | जारस्य (jārasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | जारः (jāraḥ) | जारौ (jārau) | जाराः (jārāḥ) |
| Vocative | जार (jāra) | जारौ (jārau) | जाराः (jārāḥ) |
| Accusative | जारम् (jāram) | जारौ (jārau) | जारान् (jārān) |
| Instrumental | जारेन (jārena) | जाराभ्याम् (jārābhyām) | जारैः (jāraiḥ) |
| Dative | जाराय (jārāya) | जाराभ्याम् (jārābhyām) | जारेभ्यः (jārebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | जारात् (jārāt) | जाराभ्याम् (jārābhyām) | जारेभ्यः (jārebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | जारस्य (jārasya) | जारयोः (jārayoḥ) | जारानाम् (jārānām) |
| Locative | जारे (jāre) | जारयोः (jārayoḥ) | जारेषु (jāreṣu) |
| Feminine ā-stem declension of जार | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | जारा (jārā) | ||
| Gen. sg. | जारायाः (jārāyāḥ) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | जारा (jārā) | जारे (jāre) | जाराः (jārāḥ) |
| Vocative | जारे (jāre) | जारे (jāre) | जाराः (jārāḥ) |
| Accusative | जाराम् (jārām) | जारे (jāre) | जाराः (jārāḥ) |
| Instrumental | जारया (jārayā) | जाराभ्याम् (jārābhyām) | जाराभिः (jārābhiḥ) |
| Dative | जारायै (jārāyai) | जाराभ्याम् (jārābhyām) | जाराभ्यः (jārābhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | जारायाः (jārāyāḥ) | जाराभ्याम् (jārābhyām) | जाराभ्यः (jārābhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | जारायाः (jārāyāḥ) | जारयोः (jārayoḥ) | जारानाम् (jārānām) |
| Locative | जारायाम् (jārāyām) | जारयोः (jārayoḥ) | जारासु (jārāsu) |
| Neuter a-stem declension of जार | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | जारम् (jāram) | ||
| Gen. sg. | जारस्य (jārasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | जारम् (jāram) | जारे (jāre) | जारानि (jārāni) |
| Vocative | जार (jāra) | जारे (jāre) | जारानि (jārāni) |
| Accusative | जारम् (jāram) | जारे (jāre) | जारानि (jārāni) |
| Instrumental | जारेन (jārena) | जाराभ्याम् (jārābhyām) | जारैः (jāraiḥ) |
| Dative | जाराय (jārāya) | जाराभ्याम् (jārābhyām) | जारेभ्यः (jārebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | जारात् (jārāt) | जाराभ्याम् (jārābhyām) | जारेभ्यः (jārebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | जारस्य (jārasya) | जारयोः (jārayoḥ) | जारानाम् (jārānām) |
| Locative | जारे (jāre) | जारयोः (jārayoḥ) | जारेषु (jāreṣu) |
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-ró-, from *ǵneh₃- (“to know”), with semantic development into erotic slang from "knowing (women)" > "loving (women)" > "paramour". The semantic shift from "knowing" > "liking, loving", via the same root, has parallels in other Indo-European languages, such as German Bekannter (“acquaintance, friend”) and French connaisseur (“connoisseur”).
Noun
जार • (jāra) stem, m
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of जार (jāra) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | जारः jāraḥ |
जारौ / जारा¹ jārau / jārā¹ |
जाराः / जारासः¹ jārāḥ / jārāsaḥ¹ |
| Vocative | जार jāra |
जारौ / जारा¹ jārau / jārā¹ |
जाराः / जारासः¹ jārāḥ / jārāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | जारम् jāram |
जारौ / जारा¹ jārau / jārā¹ |
जारान् jārān |
| Instrumental | जारेण jāreṇa |
जाराभ्याम् jārābhyām |
जारैः / जारेभिः¹ jāraiḥ / jārebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | जाराय jārāya |
जाराभ्याम् jārābhyām |
जारेभ्यः jārebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | जारात् jārāt |
जाराभ्याम् jārābhyām |
जारेभ्यः jārebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | जारस्य jārasya |
जारयोः jārayoḥ |
जाराणाम् jārāṇām |
| Locative | जारे jāre |
जारयोः jārayoḥ |
जारेषु jāreṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “जार”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 419/3.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 588
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