Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/paddǭ

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unknown. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bed- (“to swell”) (Pok. 96), from *bʰew- (“to swell”) (Pok. 98-102).

Also compare English puddle, Old English puduc (“swelling, lump, growth, wart”), Low German puddig (“swollen”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpɑd.dɔ̃ː/

Noun

*paddǭ f

toad

Inflection

ōn-stemDeclension of *paddǭ (ōn-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*paddǭ	*paddōniz
vocative	*paddǭ	*paddōniz
accusative	*paddōnų	*paddōnunz
genitive	*paddōniz	*paddōnǫ̂
dative	*paddōni	*paddōmaz
instrumental	*paddōnē	*paddōmiz

Derived terms

*paddijǭ

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *paddā
- Old English: padde
  - Middle English: padde, pade
    - English: pad; poade, pode
    - Scots: pade, pad; podde, pode
- Old Frisian: padde
  - Saterland Frisian: Pudde
  - West Frisian: padde, podde, podd, pod
- Old Saxon: *padda
  - Middle Low German: padde, pedde
    - Low German: Padde, Pudde
    - → German: Padde
- Old Dutch: *padda
  - Middle Dutch: padde, pedde
    - Dutch: pad
      - Afrikaans: padda
- → Vulgar Latin: *padda, *podda, *potta
  - Old French: bot
    - ⇒ Old French: boterel
  - Italian: botta
Old Norse: padda
- Icelandic: padda
- Faroese: padda
- Norn: padd
- Norwegian Bokmål: padde
- Norwegian Nynorsk: padde
- Old Swedish: padda
  - Swedish: padda
- Danish: padde
- Elfdalian: padda
- Gutnish: padde, paddå

References

Pokorny, Julius, Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, Tübingen: A. Francke Verlag, 1959.

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