Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kruppaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *grewb- (“to curve, bend, crawl”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to turn, wind”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkrup.pɑz/

Noun

*kruppaz m

a body; mass
a compressed, round mass; lump; ball
a group; bunch; collection
(of harvest, fruit, plant, corn) a crop; bunch; cluster; head (of grain)
(of a bird) a crop

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *kruppaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*kruppaz	kruppōz, kruppōs
vocative	*krupp	kruppōz, kruppōs
accusative	*kruppą	*kruppanz
genitive	kruppas, kruppis	*kruppǫ̂
dative	*kruppai	*kruppamaz
instrumental	*kruppō	*kruppamiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *krupp, *kropp
- Old English: cropp
  - Middle English: croppe, crop, crope, croupe
    - English: crop
    - Scots: crap, crop, croip, cropt, croup, croop
- Old Frisian: *krop
  - Saterland Frisian: Krop
  - West Frisian: krop
- Old Saxon: kropp, krop
  - Middle Low German: krop
    - Westphalian:
      Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Krop, Krip
      
      Suerländer-Märkisch: Kropp
      
      Westmünsterländisch: Kropp
    - Plautdietsch: Kropp
- Old Dutch: *kropp, crop
  - Middle Dutch: crop
    - Dutch: krop
      - Afrikaans: krop
      - Negerhollands: krop
- → Vulgar Latin: *cruppus
  - Italian: gruppo, groppo (see there for further descendants)
  - Sicilian: gruppu
- Old High German: kropf, kroph
  - Middle High German: kropf, kroph
    - Central Franconian:
      Hunsrik: Kropp
      
      Luxembourgish: Krapp
    - German: Kropf
    - Rhine Franconian: Kropp, Krupp
      Frankfurterisch: IPA [kʀopʃ]
    - Vilamovian: kröp
Old Norse: kroppr
- Icelandic: kroppur
- Faroese: kroppur
- Norwegian Bokmål: kropp
- Norwegian Nynorsk: kropp
- Old Swedish: kropper, krupper
  - Swedish: kropp
- Danish: krop
- → Old French: crope, croupe, crupe
  - Middle French: croupe
    - French: croupe (see there for further descendants)
  - Norman: croupe
  - → Middle English: croupe, crope, crop, croppe
    - English: croup, croupe
    - Scots: crouppe

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