Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dugunþō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From unattested *dugunþaz (“productive, useful, strong”) +‎ *-ō, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéwgʰ-ont-s ~ *dʰugʰ-n̥t-és, from *dʰewgʰ- (“to be productive, useful; to be strong”) +‎ *-onts.[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdu.ɣun.θɔː/

Noun

*dugunþō f

ability, usefulness, strength
virtue, strength of character

Inflection

ō-stemDeclension of *dugunþō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*dugunþō	*dugunþôz
vocative	*dugunþō	*dugunþôz
accusative	*dugunþǭ	*dugunþōz
genitive	*dugunþōz	*dugunþǫ̂
dative	*dugunþōi	*dugunþōmaz
instrumental	*dugunþō	*dugunþōmiz

Synonyms

*dugiþō

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *dugunþu, *dugunþi
- Old English: duguþ
  - Middle English: douthe, douth, douþe, duthe; doȝeðe, dugeð, duȝde, duȝeðe, duȝeþe, duheðe, duhþe, duweðe
    - English: douth
    - Scots: duthe, douth
- Old Frisian: dugethe, dugede
  - North Frisian: döged, dögd
  - Saterland Frisian: Duugd
  - West Frisian: deugd
- Old Saxon: *dugund, *dugunt, *duguth
  - Middle Low German: dogent, doget
    - German Low German: Döögde, Döögte, Döögd, Döögt
- Old Dutch: *dugath, *dugeth
  - Middle Dutch: doget, doghet, duget, dueget
    - Dutch: deugd
      - Afrikaans: deug
- Old High German: tungundi, tugund, tugind; *dugud (Central German)
  - Middle High German: tugende, tugent; duget, duged (Central German)
    - Alemannic German: Tuugend
    - German: Tugend
      - →? Central Franconian: Dugend, Dujend, Tugend, Tuend
      - →? Luxembourgish: Dugend
    - Rhine Franconian:
      - Palatine German: Tugend
    - Vilamovian: tūgyt
    - Yiddish: טוגענד (tugend)
Proto-Norse: *ᛞᚢᚷᛁᚦᛟ (*duȝiðō)[2]
- Old Norse: dygð, dyggð
  - Icelandic: dygð, dyggð
  - Faroese: dygd
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: dygd
    - → Norwegian Bokmål: dygd
  - Elfdalian: dygd
  - Old Swedish: dyghþ[3]
    - Swedish: dygd
  - Old Danish: dyghth[4]
    - Danish: dyd
      - Norwegian Bokmål: dyd
        → Norwegian Nynorsk: dyd
  - Gutnish: dygd

References

Jay Jasanoff, Stative and Middle in Indo-European (= Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft 23). Innsbruck, 1978, page 88
dygd in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
dygd in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
“dyd” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

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[1] Jay Jasanoff, Stative and Middle in Indo-European (= Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft 23). Innsbruck, 1978, page 88

[2] ygd in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

[3] ygd in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

[4] “dyd” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).