< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/diurijaz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
One suggested derivation is from Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn”), which assumes a semantic shift of “to heat up” > “warming” > “dear, cherished”.[2] However, the semantic variation among descendants (see more at *diuriþō) may point to the original meaning having been “rare, scarce”. Alternatively, Guus Kroonen notes that this adjective is similar to Proto–West Germanic *dūrēn (“to grieve, regret, suffer”) (whence German dauern, Middle English douren), ultimately a loan from Latin dūrus (“tough, hard”),[note 1] and may be a vṛddhi-gerundive thereof.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈdiu̯.ri.jɑz/
Inflection
Declension of *diurijaz (ja-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *diurijaz | *diurijai | *diurijō | *diurijôz | *diuriją, -atō | *diurijō |
| Accusative | *diurijanǭ | *diurijanz | *diurijǭ | *diurijōz | *diuriją, -atō | *diurijō |
| Genitive | *diurijas, -is | *diurijaizǫ̂ | *diurijaizōz | *diurijaizǫ̂ | *diurijas, -is | *diurijaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *diurijammai | *diurijaimaz | *diurijaizōi | *diurijaimaz | *diurijammai | *diurijaimaz |
| Instrumental | *diurijanō | *diurijaimiz | *diurijaizō | *diurijaimiz | *diurijanō | *diurijaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *diurijô | *diurijaniz | *diurijǭ | *diurijōniz | *diurijô | *diurijōnō |
| Accusative | *diurijanų | *diurijanunz | *diurijōnų | *diurijōnunz | *diurijô | *diurijōnō |
| Genitive | *diuriiniz | *diurijanǫ̂ | *diurijōniz | *diurijōnǫ̂ | *diuriiniz | *diurijanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *diuriini | *diurijammaz | *diurijōni | *diurijōmaz | *diuriini | *diurijammaz |
| Instrumental | *diuriinē | *diurijammiz | *diurijōnē | *diurijōmiz | *diuriinē | *diurijammiz |
Derived terms
- *diuriþō
- *diurijalīkaz
- *diurijalingaz
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *diurī
- Old Norse: dýrr
- → Proto-Finnic: *tiüris (see there for further descendants)
- → Proto-Samic: *tiwrē
- Northern Sami: divrras
- Southern Sami: dovres
Notes
- Or instead, Kroonen suggests, possibly related to *drūrēn (“to mourn”), perhaps by dissimilation of the first *r.
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*deurja-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 94
- www.wissen.de: teuer
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