Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aplaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*apluz

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl (“apple, apple tree”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɑp.lɑz/

Noun

*aplaz m[1]

apple, fruit

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *aplaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*aplaz	aplōz, aplōs
vocative	*apl	aplōz, aplōs
accusative	*aplą	*aplanz
genitive	aplas, aplis	*aplǫ̂
dative	*aplai	*aplamaz
instrumental	*aplō	*aplamiz

Related terms

*apaliją

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *applu, *apl
- Old English: æppel, apl, appel, æppyl
  - Middle English: appel, apple, appyl, appyll, appil, appill, appell, eppel, appul, appull, appulle, eappel; æppel, æpple, eappel
    - English: apple (see there for further descendants)
    - Scots: aipple
- Old Frisian: appel
  - North Frisian:
    Föhr, Hallig: aapel
    Helgoland: Oapel
    Mooring: ååpel
  - Saterland Frisian: Appel, Apel
  - West Frisian: apel
- Old Saxon: appel, appul, apl
  - Middle Low German: appel
    - German Low German: Appel
      - → German: Appel (colloquial, regional)
    - Plautdietsch: Aupel
- Old Dutch: *appel, ephela (pl.), apheles (gen.sg.)
  - Middle Dutch: appel, āpel
    - Dutch: appel (see there for further descendants)
    - Limburgish: appel
- Old High German: apful, aphul, apfol, afful, *appul
  - Middle High German: apfel, epfel, öpfel, appel
    - Alemannic German: Öpfel, Apfel
      Alsatian: Àpfel, Epfel
      Italian Walser: effél, epfel, epfil, öpfil
      Swabian: Ebfl
    - Bavarian: Åpfe
      Cimbrian: oupfal, öpfel, öpfl
      Mòcheno: epfl
      Udinese: eipfele, epfl
    - Central Franconian: Appel
      - Hunsrik: Eppel
      - Luxembourgish: Apel
    - East Central German:
      Upper Saxon German: Abbel, Appel
      Vilamovian: epuł
    - East Franconian:
    - German: Apfel
    - Rhine Franconian:
      Hessian: Àbbel, Ebbel, Abbel
      Pennsylvania German: Abbel, Appel
    - Yiddish: עפּל (epl)
Crimean Gothic: apel

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*apla-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 31

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[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*apla-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 31