< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic

Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kaihas

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz. The descendants that split later than Livonian and Võro use the form *keihäs instead, with a later sporadic shift *ai > *ei (compare *haina, *laipa, *saibas, *saina).

Noun

*kaihas

  1. spear

Inflection
Inflection of *kaihas
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *kaihas *kaihahët
accusative *kaihahën *kaihahët
genitive *kaihahën *kaihastën
*kaihahidën
partitive *kaihasta *kaihahita
inessive *kaihahëssa
*kaihahëhna		 *kaihahissa
*kaihahihna
elative *kaihahësta *kaihahista
illative *kaihahësën *kaihahisën
adessive *kaihahëlla *kaihahilla
ablative *kaihahëlta *kaihahilta
allative *kaihahëlën
*kaihahëlëk		 *kaihahilën
*kaihahilëk
essive *kaihassa *kaihahina
translative *kaihahëksi *kaihahiksi
instructive *kaihahën *kaihahin
comitative *kaihassëk *kaihahinëk
abessive *kaihahëtta *kaihahitta

Descendants
  • Finnish: keihäs
  • Ingrian: keihäs
  • Karelian: keihäs
  • Livvi: kejjäs
  • Ludian: keihäz
  • Veps: keihaz

Further reading
  • Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “keihäs”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎ (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
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