< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic

Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kümmen

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic
Proto-Finnic cardinal numbers
 <  9 10 11  > 
    Cardinal : *kümmen
    Ordinal : *kümmenenci

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Finno-Permic *küme-ne.[1] Related to Proto-Mordvinic *keməń.[2] Displaced Proto-Uralic *luka.

Numeral

*kümmen[3]

  1. ten
  2. (as a noun) decade, group of ten

Inflection
Inflection of *kümmen
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *kümmen *kümmenet
accusative *kümmenen *kümmenet
genitive *kümmenen *kümmenden
*kümmeniden
partitive *kümmentä *kümmenitä
inessive *kümmenessä
*kümmenehnä		 *kümmenissä
*kümmenihnä
elative *kümmenestä *kümmenistä
illative *kümmenesen *kümmenisen
adessive *kümmenellä *kümmenillä
ablative *kümmeneltä *kümmeniltä
allative *kümmenelen
*kümmenelek		 *kümmenilen
*kümmenilek
essive *kümmennä *kümmeninä
translative *kümmeneksi *kümmeniksi
instructive *kümmenen *kümmenin
comitative *kümmennek *kümmeninek
abessive *kümmenettä *kümmenittä

Descendants
  • Estonian: kümme
  • Finnish: kymmenen (“ten”, numeral), kymmen (“ten in certain compound words”, noun)
  • Ingrian: kymmen
  • Karelian: kymmenen, kymmen
  • Kven: kymmenen
  • Livonian:
    • Courland Livonian: kim
    • Vidzeme Livonian: ķum
  • Livvi: kymmene
  • Veps: kümne
  • Võro: kümme
  • Votic: tšümme

References
  1. Rédei, Károly (1986–88) Uralisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Uralic Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó
  2. Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎ (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
  3. Kallio, Petri: Yhteissuomalainen sanasto
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