< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic

Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-uc

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Janhunen (1981) proposed that *-uc is from Proto-Uralic *-wte, from *-w and related to Proto-Samic *-otëk (compare Northern Sami -odat) and Proto-Samoyedic *pirə̂ (< *pide-w-),[1] but Salminen (2014) has cast doubt on this etymology by rejecting the presence of *-w- in the Samoyedic word.[2]

Korhonen (1981) mentions an alternative etymology that *-uc is a reduction of *vooci (“year”) (and thus cognate with Proto-Samic *vuotë, which would be an early Finnic borrowing),[3] a theory which Hakulinen however rejects on the basis that there is insufficient evidence for the required semantic and phonological development.[4]

More recently, Junttila (2019) has written that *-uc could in fact be related to Proto-Samic *vuotë and that the suffix may have originally been an independent back-vocalic word that was used to form compounds. He does not however elaborate on whether this word was *vooci or not, and states that the theory is uncertain as there is no widely accepted etymology for the Finnic and Samic morphemes.[5] Aikio, in his draft of the Uralic Etymological Dictionary, speculates on a possible etymology from Proto-Uralic *owte or *ote, and lists Proto-Samic *vuotë and Eastern Khanty от (ot) as possible cognates. This theory requires *-uuc to be the original primary form.[6] With this in mind, it appears that *-uc is probably somehow related to Proto-Samic *vuotë and that both originate from a common independent word (rather than an affix), but the exact nature of this word and its further origin is as of yet uncertain.

Suffix

*-uc / *-üc

  1. -ness, -hood

Inflection
Inflection of *-uc
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *-uc *-udët
accusative *-udën *-udët
genitive *-udën *-ut'ën
*-ucidën
partitive *-utta *-ucita
inessive *-udëssa
*-udëhna		 *-ucissa
*-ucihna
elative *-udësta *-ucista
illative *-udësën *-ucisën
adessive *-udëlla *-ucilla
ablative *-udëlta *-ucilta
allative *-udëlën
*-udëlëk		 *-ucilën
*-ucilëk
essive *-unna *-ucina
translative *-udëksi *-uciksi
instructive *-udën *-ucin
comitative *-unnëk *-ucinëk
abessive *-udëtta *-ucitta

Derived terms
Proto-Finnic terms suffixed with *-uc

Descendants
  • Estonian: -us
  • Finnish: -uus, -us
  • Ingrian: -us
  • Karelian: -us
  • Veps: -uz'
  • Võro: -us
  • Votic: -uz

References
  1. Janhunen, Juha. Uralilaisen kantakielen sanastosta (1981). Suomalais-ugrilaisen seuran aikakauskirja – Journal de la société finno-ougrienne 77. Helsinki. . pp. 238–239
  2. Salminen, Tapani. Suomalais-samojedilaisia muotovertailuja (2014). Juuret marin murteissa, latvus yltää Uraliin : Juhlakirja Sirkka Saarisen 60-vuotispäiväksi 21.12.2014. Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, Helsinki. . p. 295
  3. Korhonen, Mikko. Johdatus lapin kielen historiaan (1981). Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura. p. 322
  4. Hakulinen, Lauri. 1941–2000. Suomen kielen rakenne ja kehitys ('The Structure and Development of the Finnish Language'). Helsinki: Otava/Helsingin yliopisto.
  5. Junttila, Santeri. Kantasuomen keskivokaalit ja jälkitavun U (Kommentti). Petri Kallio rocKs: Liber semisaecularis 7.2.2019 (2019). pp. 51–52
  6. Aikio, Ante. Uralic Etymological Dictionary (draft, 2020).
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