< Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic

Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/sukkos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *súH-s (pig),[1] possibly through:

For meaning parallel, compare cognates in Ancient Greek ὗς (hûs, pig) and ὕνις (húnis, plowshare).[4]

Noun

*sukkos m[5][1][6][7]

  1. pig (snout)
  2. plowshare

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *sukkos *sukkou *sukkoi
vocative *sukke *sukkou *sukkūs
accusative *sukkom *sukkou *sukkoms
genitive *sukkī *sukkous *sukkom
dative *sukkūi *sukkobom *sukkobos
locative *sukkei *? *?
instrumental *sukkū *sukkobim *sukkūis

Alternative reconstructions

Descendants

  • Proto-Brythonic: *hux (pig)
    • Old Breton: hoch
      • Middle Breton: hoc’h, houc’h
        • Breton: soc’h
    • Old Cornish: hoch
    • Welsh: hwch
    • ? Old English: hogg (hog)[6] (see there for further descendants)
    • Old Breton: hoch
      • Middle Breton: hoc’h, houc’h
        • Breton: hoc’h
    • Old Cornish: hoch
    • Welsh: hwch
    • ? Old English: hogg (hog)[6] (see there for further descendants)
  • Middle Irish: socc (snout; plowshare)
  • Vulgar Latin: *soccus (plowshare)[9]
    • Old French: soc
    • ? Proto-Brythonic: *sux (plowshare)
      • Middle Breton: souch
        • Breton: soc’h
      • Welsh: swch

References

  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “sū̆-s, suu̯-ós”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1038
  2. de Bernardo Stempel, Patrizia (1999) Nominale Wortbildung des älteren Irischen: Stammbildung und Derivation [Noun Formation in Old Irish: Stem-formation and derivation] (Buchreihe der Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie) (in German), volume 15, Tübingen: Niemeyer, →ISBN, page 35:aus *su+k+ko- zu idg. *sū̆s
  3. Testen, David (1999) “Stem-final *-kk- in Celtic terms for ‘pig’”, in Ériu, volume 50, pages 161–164
  4. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὕνις, -εως, -ιος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1532
  5. Thurneysen, Rudolf (1884) “soc”, in Keltoromanisches, die keltischen etymologieen im etymologischen worterbuch der romanischen sprachen von F. Diez (in German), Halle: Max Niemeyer, page 112:kelt. *sŭccos
  6. Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*sū́s”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 425:Celtic < *sukko-
  7. Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 158
  8. Koch, John (2004) “pig *sukku-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 253
  9. Williams, Robert (1865) chapter 322, in Lexicon Cornu-Britannicum: A Dictionary of the Ancient Celtic Language of Cornwall, in which the Words are elucidated by Copious Examples from the Cornish Works now remaining; With Translations in English, London: Trubner & Co., page soch
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