< Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic

Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/abūl

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *aplaz and Proto-Balto-Slavic *āˀbōl.[2][3]

Noun

*abūl n

  1. apple

Reconstruction notes

Originally *abūl should have inflected as a masculine amphikinetic l-stem, as in Proto-Indo-European. The weak stem *abal- could be generalised from the original dative plural *abl̥bom. Or, if *abūl was a collective, from a coexisting proterokinetic singular *abl̥, *abelos, from which the neuter gender would also be derived.[2][3]

Declension
Neuter consonant stem
singular dual plural
nominative *abūl *abale *abala
vocative *abūl *abale *abala
accusative *abūl *abale *abala
genitive *abalos *abalou *abalom
dative *abalē *abalobom *abalobos
locative *abali *? *?
instrumental *abale? *abalobim *abalobis

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Proto-Brythonic: *aβal
    • Old Breton: abal
    • Cornish: aval
    • Middle Welsh: afal
  • Old Irish: ubull
  • Gaulish: *abalo-

References
  1. Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 23
  2. David Stifter (2020) “Old Irish etymology through the ages”, in Language & History, volume 63, number 1, Taylor Francis, pages 24-46
  3. Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*h₂eb-(e/ō̆)l-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 262-64
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