< Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic

Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/-sman

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥, extended with -s-. Plain *-man also existed but was less common in Celtic. The s-variant also turns up in Italic and in several ancient Hellenic dialects, in addition to occasional appearances in Balto-Slavic.[1]

Suffix

*-sman n

  1. Forms action nouns from verbal roots.
    ‎*keng- (“to step”) + ‎*-sman → ‎*kanxsman (“step”)
    ‎*leng- (“to leap”) + ‎*-sman → ‎*lanxsman (“leap”)
    ‎*brag- (“to fart”) + ‎*-sman → ‎*braxsman (“fart”)

Usage notes

The zero-grade is usually used with this suffix, but occasionally the e-grade appears (such as with *bēsman (“blow, strike”)).

Inflection
Neuter n-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *-sman *-smane? *-smana
vocative *-sman *-smane? *-smana
accusative *-sman *-smane? *-smana
genitive *-smens *-smenous? *-smenom
dative *-smenē *-smembom *-smembos
locative *-smen(i) *? *?
instrumental *-smenē *-smembim *-smembis

Derived terms
Proto-Celtic terms suffixed with *-sman

References
  1. Stüber, Karin (1998) The Historical Morphology of n-Stems in Celtic (Maynooth studies in Celtic linguistics; III), Department of Old Irish, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, →ISBN, pages 52-53
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