< Reconstruction:Proto-Algonquian

Reconstruction:Proto-Algonquian/-θkweni

This Proto-Algonquian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Algonquian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Algic *wʔeɬkwene, *wʔeɬkwane (“liver”), whence also Wiyot watwar (“liver”)[1] and Yurok 'wrhlkun (“liver”). The term was always possessed, and in some languages (including Yurok) the third-person prefix (*weʔ-) was incorporated into the stem.

Noun

*-θkweni

  1. liver
    *neθkweni (“my liver”)
    *weθkweni (“her or his liver”)

Descendants
  • Plains Algonquian:
    • Arapaho: hie (“liver”)
    • Cheyenne: he'e (“liver”)
  • Central Algonquian:
    • Cree: -skwan/-ᐢᑲᐧᐣ (-skayn, “liver”), -skon/-ᐢᑯᐣ (-skon, “liver”)
    • Ojibwe: -kon (“liver”) (nikon (“my liver”), okon (“her or his liver”))
    • Fox (Sauk): -hkoni (“liver”)
    • Miami: (ni)hkoni (“(my) liver”)
  • Eastern Algonquian:
    • Abenaki: -skwen (“liver”)
    • Malecite-Passamaquoddy: sqon (“liver”)
    • Unami: xkwùn (“liver”)
    • Munsee: xwíhk (“liver”)

References
  • Ives Goddard, Algonquian, Wiyot, and Yurok, in Linguistics and Anthropology: in Honor of C. F. Voegelin →ISBN
  • Costa, David J. (2003) The Miami-Illinois Language (Studies in the Native Languages of the Americas), Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN
  1. Note that, as Goddard writes (op. cit.), "in the words for 'bone' and 'liver' Wiyot has d (phonetically a flap [r]) where Algonquian has *n. [...] Wiyot d goes back to earlier *n in all cases." That Wiyot r (i.e. /r/, which Goddard writes as ‹d›) originates from n was previously noted also by Sapir and by Kroeber.
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