Reconstruction:Old Median/ganǰam

This Old Median entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Old Median

Etymology

A word of unknown origin, which propagated from Old Median into a wide array of other languages.[1] Cognate with Parthian 𐫃𐫗𐫉 (gnz /⁠ganǰ⁠/), 𐫃𐫉𐫗 (gzn /⁠gaǰn⁠/, “treasure”), Khwarezmian 𐾺𐾸𐾴𐾻 (yzdk /⁠yazdak⁠/, “rich”), Digor Ossetian гъӕздӕ (ǧæzdæ, “wealth”), Sogdian 𐼷𐼵𐼻 (yzn /⁠yazn⁠/, “treasure”), Wakhi [script needed] (ɣ̌anʓ), Munji [script needed] (γónʓo, “pantry”), Persian (“Ghazni”), Sanglechi [script needed] (yåzd). See also Arabic خَزِينَة (ḵazīna, “treasury”), apparently from a cognate Iranian stock.

Noun

*ganǰam n[2][3]

treasure, wealth

Derived terms

ganǰa-barah (“treasurer”)

Descendants

Middle Median: *ganǰ
- Kermanic:
  - Jowshaqani: [script needed] (ganj)
- → Old Armenian: գանձ (ganj)
  - Armenian: գանձ (ganj)
  - → Old Georgian: განძი (ganʒi)
    - Georgian: განძი (ganʒi)
  - → Mingrelian: განძი (ganʒi)
- → Hebrew: גְּנָזִים (gənāzī́m)
- → Middle Persian: (/⁠ganǰ⁠/)
  Manichaean script: 𐫃𐫗𐫉 (gnz)
  
  Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (gnc)
  - Bakhtiari: [script needed] (gänǰ)
  - Classical Persian: گنج (ganj)
    - Persian: گنج (ganj)
    - Tajik: ганҷ (ganj)
    - Kurdish:[4]
      → Northern Kurdish: genc
      
      → Central Kurdish: گەنج (genc)
    - → Bengali: গঞ্জ (gonj)
    - → Hindi: गंज (gañj)
  - → Ancient Greek: γάζα (gáza)
    - → Latin: gaza
→ Akkadian:
Late Babylonian: 𒋡𒀭𒍝 (ka₄-an-za /⁠kanza⁠/), 𒋡𒅔𒍝𒌝 (ka₄-in-za-um /⁠kainzaum⁠/), 𒃷𒍝𒌝 (kán-za-um /⁠kanzaum⁠/)
→ Aramaic:
Imperial Aramaic: 𐡂𐡍𐡆𐡀 (gnzʾ /⁠ganzā⁠/)
- Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: גַּזּא (gazzā), גּיזָּא (gizzā)
- Classical Syriac: ܓܙܐ (gazzā), ܓܢܙܐ (ganzā)
- Mandaic: ࡂࡉࡍࡆࡀ (ginza)
- → Arabic: كَنْز (kanz)
  - Kurdish:
    → Northern Kurdish: kenz
  - → Portuguese: alcanzia
  - → Spanish: alcancía
    - → Cebuano: alkansiya
    - → Hiligaynon: alkansiya
    - → Maranao: alkansiya
    - → Tagalog: alkansiya
    - → Tausug: alkansiya
    - → Yakan: alkansiya
→ Hungarian: kincs
- → Serbo-Croatian: kȉnč / ки̏нч
- → Slovene: kȋnč

References

Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) “*gazna-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 258
Tavernier, Jan (2007) “*Ganza-”, in Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN, page 443: “443”
Hinz, Walther (1975) “*ganza-”, in Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3)‎ (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 102
Cabolov, R. L. (2001) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, page 369