-ge

Northern Sami

Etymology

Possibly cognate to Finnish -kin, Erzya -ке (-ke).

Particle

-ge

  1. also, too
  2. even
  3. moreover
  4. (with negative verb) nor

Further reading
  • Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎, Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
  • Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎, Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Old English

Alternative forms
  • -gēa

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *gawją, *gawjō, *gawô (“country, region, environment”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /jeː/

Suffix

-ġē

  1. suffix used to denote a region or territory
    ǣlġē ― eel-country
  2. suffix used in placenames meaning region of, or district of
    Sūþrīeġ, Sūþrīġe ― Surrey (literally, “Southerly District”)

Descendants
  • -y, -ey found in some English placenames

Pali

Alternative forms
Alternative forms
  • -𑀕𑁂 (Brahmi script)
  • -गे (Devanagari script)
  • -গে (Bengali script)
  • -ගෙ (Sinhalese script)
  • -ဂေ or -ၷေ (Burmese script)
  • -เค (Thai script)
  • -ᨣᩮ (Tai Tham script)
  • -ເຄ (Lao script)
  • -គេ (Khmer script)
  • -𑄉𑄬 (Chakma script)

Adjective

-ge

  1. inflection of -ga (“going”):
    1. locative singular masculine/neuter
    2. accusative plural masculine

Wutunhua

Etymology

From Mandarin 個／个.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [kə]

Suffix

-ge

  1. A referential marker attached to numerals or singular nominals, emphasizing that a specific individual entity (or entities) are being referred to, rather than being a general statement, a property, an abstract conception, etc.
    awo liang-ge yida zhan-she-ma-li.
    Two men[REF] were standing together.
    (Quoted in Sandman, p. 64)
    je nian nga-n-de dojjai qhichai-ge mai-she-lio.
    This year our Dojjai bought a [certain] car.
    (Quoted in Sandman, p. 65)
    jashe qe-di-de-ge ngu jhan-lio.
    I saw that Jashe was eating.
    (literally, “[As for] Jashe's eating[REF], I saw it.”)
    (Quoted in Sandman, p. 65)
  2. each; used with a distributive sense.
    ren-ge-ha dong yi-zek-ma ek bai.
    Each person [gets] one thousand and two hundred.
    (Quoted in Sandman, p. 65)
  3. Used to introduce and foreground a new participant or character when telling a story, etc.

Usage notes

-ge is obligatory after a numeral when it directly attributes a noun, except for nouns which are units of time or certain mass nouns (containers, etc.).

  • gu-ge (“that”)
  • je-ge (“this”)
  • -jhege (“some”)
  • -liangge (“with”)

References
  • Erika Sandman (2016) A Grammar of Wutun‎, University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN
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