-che
See also: Appendix:Variations of "che"
Central Franconian
Alternative forms
- -elche (see notes below)
- -je (Ripuarian only; see notes below)
Etymology
From Old High German -ihhīn, from Proto-Germanic *-ikīną, a double diminutive, from *-ikaz + *-īną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɕə/
Suffix
-che (plural -cher)
- forms a diminutive noun
- Stadt (“town, city”) + -che → Städtche (“little town”)
Usage notes
- All diminutive nouns are normally neuter (as in German). However, some dialects may treat diminutives according to the gender of the basic noun (as in Luxembourgish).
- Nouns whose stem ends in a back consonant, namely -ch, -g, -k, -ng, or -sch, mostly use the extended suffix -elche: Bröck (“bridge”) → Bröggelche. In Ripuarian, an etymological distinction is usually followed, according to which the extended suffix follows only original back consonants but not ones that derive from Old High German (OHG) alveolars; hence: Weng (“wine”) from OHG wīn → Wengche (not *Wengelche); Wursch (“sausage”) from OHG wurst → Würschje (not *Würschelche). There is a certain degree of variation in both directions.
- After -f, -s, -ß, -v, and -sch (if applicable), the suffix -che becomes -je in Ripuarian, but not in Moselle Franconian; hence: Foß (“foot”) → Ripuarian Fößje, Moselle Franconian Feßche.
Derived terms
Central Franconian terms suffixed with -che
Khumi Chin
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t͡ʃe˩/
References
- R. Shafer (1944) “Khimi Grammar and Vocabulary”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, volume 11, number 2, page 415
Nivaclé
Usage notes
- The principal allomorph -che can also prepend an epenthetic i when is attached to a noun ending with two consonants.
- After m, o and ô the allomorph -que is used.
- In addition to the above, there is also a rare allomorph -e which normally (but not always) applies to nouns already derived via a suffix.
See also
References
- Fabre, Alain (2016) Gramática de la lengua Nivacle (familia Mataguayo, Chaco Paraguayo) (Lincom Studies in Native American Linguistics 78) (in Spanish), Munich: Lincom, →ISBN.
Pennsylvania German
Etymology
From Old High German -ihhīn, from Proto-Germanic *-ikīną, a double diminutive, from *-ikaz + *-īną. Compare German -chen, Dutch -ke.
Derived terms
Pennsylvania German terms suffixed with -che
Uyghur
Ye'kwana
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [-t͡ʃe]
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