-ικός
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From -κός (-kós) with an added ι from i-stems such as φυσι-κός (phusi-kós, “natural”), through the same process by which -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs) developed from -της (-tēs), occurring in some original case and later used freely. Cognate with Latin -icus and Proto-Germanic *-igaz, whence Old English -iġ (English -y), Old High German -ig, Gothic -𐌴𐌹𐌲𐍃 (-eigs).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /i.kós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /iˈkos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /iˈkos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /iˈkos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /iˈkos/
Suffix
-ῐκός • (-ikós) m (feminine -ῐκή, neuter -ῐκόν); first/second declension
- Added to noun stems to form adjectives: of or pertaining to, in the manner of; -ic
Inflection
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | -ῐκός -ikós |
-ῐκή -ikḗ |
-ῐκόν -ikón |
-ῐκώ -ikṓ |
-ῐκᾱ́ -ikā́ |
-ῐκώ -ikṓ |
-ῐκοί -ikoí |
-ῐκαί -ikaí |
-ῐκᾰ́ -iká | |||||
Genitive | -ῐκοῦ -ikoû |
-ῐκῆς -ikês |
-ῐκοῦ -ikoû |
-ῐκοῖν -ikoîn |
-ῐκαῖν -ikaîn |
-ῐκοῖν -ikoîn |
-ῐκῶν -ikôn |
-ῐκῶν -ikôn |
-ῐκῶν -ikôn | |||||
Dative | -ῐκῷ -ikôi |
-ῐκῇ -ikêi |
-ῐκῷ -ikôi |
-ῐκοῖν -ikoîn |
-ῐκαῖν -ikaîn |
-ῐκοῖν -ikoîn |
-ῐκοῖς -ikoîs |
-ῐκαῖς -ikaîs |
-ῐκοῖς -ikoîs | |||||
Accusative | -ῐκόν -ikón |
-ῐκήν -ikḗn |
-ῐκόν -ikón |
-ῐκώ -ikṓ |
-ῐκᾱ́ -ikā́ |
-ῐκώ -ikṓ |
-ῐκούς -ikoús |
-ῐκᾱ́ς -ikā́s |
-ῐκᾰ́ -iká | |||||
Vocative | -ῐκέ -iké |
-ῐκή -ikḗ |
-ῐκόν -ikón |
-ῐκώ -ikṓ |
-ῐκᾱ́ -ikā́ |
-ῐκώ -ikṓ |
-ῐκοί -ikoí |
-ῐκαί -ikaí |
-ῐκᾰ́ -iká | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
-ῐκῶς -ikôs |
-ῐκώτερος -ikṓteros |
-ῐκώτᾰτος -ikṓtatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms
Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -ικός
References
- Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920) “Part III: Formation of Words”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, § 858
Greek
Etymology
When denoting origin/properties/collective nouns, inherited from Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós). Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós) under the semantic influence of Latin -icus when used for forming science/art-denoting nouns.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /iˈkos/
Suffix
-ικός • (-ikós), -ική, -ικό or -ικός, -ική/ικιά, -ικό
- adjective-forming suffix denoting origin from a country/region/national group:
- adjective-forming suffix denoting relation or a specific member of a collective noun:
- adjective-forming suffix denoting a characteristic of an abstract noun:
- δημοκρατία (dimokratía, “democracy”) + -ικός (-ikós) → δημοκρατικός (dimokratikós, “democratic”) (adjective)
- adjective-forming suffix denoting the ability to perform the action of the root verb:
- δημιουργώ (dimiourgó, “create”) + -ικός (-ikós) → δημιουργικός (dimiourgikós, “creative”) (adjective)
- (as f. s. -ική) abstract noun-forming suffix denoting the art/science of the root noun: (formal)
- γλύπτης (glýptis, “sculptor”) + -ικός (-ikós) → γλυπτική (glyptikí, “sculpture (art)”) (noun)
- οδοντίατρος (odontíatros, “dentist”) + -ικός (-ikós) → οδοντιατρική (odontiatrikí, “dentistry (science)”) (noun)
- (as n. pl. -ικά) abstract noun-forming suffix for languages:
- (as n. pl. -ικά) collective noun-forming suffix for classes of objects:
- (as n. pl. -ικά) collective noun-forming suffix for classes of ailments:
- έντερο (éntero, “intestine”) + -ικός (-ikós) → εντερικά (enteriká, “ailments of the intestine”) (noun)
Declension
Declension of -ικός
number case \ gender |
singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | -ικός • | -ική • / -ικιά • | -ικό • | -ικοί • | -ικές • | -ικά • |
genitive | -ικού • | -ικής • / -ικιάς • | -ικού • | -ικών • | -ικών • | -ικών • |
accusative | -ικό • | -ική • / -ικιά • | -ικό • | -ικούς • | -ικές • | -ικά • |
vocative | -ικέ • | -ική • / -ικιά • | -ικό • | -ικοί • | -ικές • | -ικά • |
notes | Feminine, either -ική, or -ική & -ικιά for some adjectives. |
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