-ικός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From -κός (-kós) with an added ι from i-stems such as φυσι-κός (phusi-kós, natural), through the same process by which -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs) developed from -της (-tēs), occurring in some original case and later used freely. Cognate with Latin -icus and Proto-Germanic *-igaz, whence Old English -iġ (English -y), Old High German -ig, Gothic -𐌴𐌹𐌲𐍃 (-eigs).

Pronunciation

 

Suffix

-ῐκός • (-ikós) m (feminine -ῐκή, neuter -ῐκόν); first/second declension

  1. Added to noun stems to form adjectives: of or pertaining to, in the manner of; -ic

Inflection

Derived terms

Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -ικός

References

  • Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920) “Part III: Formation of Words”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, § 858

Greek

Etymology

When denoting origin/properties/collective nouns, inherited from Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós). Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós) under the semantic influence of Latin -icus when used for forming science/art-denoting nouns.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /iˈkos/

Suffix

-ικός • (-ikós), -ική, -ικό or -ικός, -ική/ικιά, -ικό

  1. adjective-forming suffix denoting origin from a country/region/national group:
    Γαλλία (Gallía, France) + -ικός (-ikós)γαλλικός (gallikós, French) (adjective)
    Κούρδος (Koúrdos, Kurd) + -ικός (-ikós)κουρδικός (kourdikós, Kurdish) (adjective)
  2. adjective-forming suffix denoting relation or a specific member of a collective noun:
    λαός (laós, people, polulace) + -ικός (-ikós)λαϊκός (laïkós, popular, folk) (adjective)
  3. adjective-forming suffix denoting a characteristic of an abstract noun:
    δημοκρατία (dimokratía, democracy) + -ικός (-ikós)δημοκρατικός (dimokratikós, democratic) (adjective)
  4. adjective-forming suffix denoting the ability to perform the action of the root verb:
    δημιουργώ (dimiourgó, create) + -ικός (-ikós)δημιουργικός (dimiourgikós, creative) (adjective)
  5. (as f. s. -ική) abstract noun-forming suffix denoting the art/science of the root noun: (formal)
    γλύπτης (glýptis, sculptor) + -ικός (-ikós)γλυπτική (glyptikí, sculpture (art)) (noun)
    οδοντίατρος (odontíatros, dentist) + -ικός (-ikós)οδοντιατρική (odontiatrikí, dentistry (science)) (noun)
  6. (as n. pl. -ικά) abstract noun-forming suffix for languages:
    Γαλλία (Gallía, France) + -ικός (-ikós)γαλλικά (galliká, French language) (noun)
  7. (as n. pl. -ικά) collective noun-forming suffix for classes of objects:
    γυαλί (gyalí, glass) + -ικός (-ikós)γυαλικά (gyaliká, glassware) (noun)
    λάχανο (láchano, cabbage) + -ικός (-ikós)λαχανικά (lachaniká, vegetables (collective)) (noun)
  8. (as n. pl. -ικά) collective noun-forming suffix for classes of ailments:
    έντερο (éntero, intestine) + -ικός (-ikós)εντερικά (enteriká, ailments of the intestine) (noun)

Declension

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