𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎣

Old Persian

Etymology

From *(w)r̥šā (“man; hero”) +‎ 𐎣 (k /⁠-kaʰ⁠/, hypocoristic suffix).[1][2][3] First element alternatively from *r̥šaʰ (“bear”), from Proto-Iranian *Hŕ̥šah.[4]

Proper noun

𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎣 (a-r-š-k /R̥šakaʰ/)

  1. a male given name, Arshaka, Arsaces

Derived terms
  • *R̥šakānaʰ[5]
    • Persian: اشکان (aškân)
    • → Elamite:
      Achaemenid Elamite: 𒅕𒐼𒋡𒈾 (ir-šá-ka₄-na /⁠Iršakana⁠/)

Descendants

(taking Old Persian as representative for all Old Iranian:)

  • Middle Persian: *Aršak
    • Persian: ارشک (aršak), اشک (Ašk)
      • → Arabic: أَشَك (ʔašak)
      • → Gandhari: 𐨀𐨪𐨿𐨮𐨐 (Arṣaka)
    • → Old Armenian: Արշակ (Aršak) (see there for further descendants)
    • → Middle Chinese: 安息 (ʔan-sik)
    • → Ossetian: Арсӕгтӕ (Arsægtæ)[6]
    • → Parthian:
      Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭀𐭓𐭔𐭊 (ʾršk /⁠Aršak⁠/)
    • → Classical Syriac: ܐܪܫܟ (ʾAršaḵ)
  • → Ancient Greek: Ἀρσάκης (Arsákēs)
    • Greek: Αρσάκης (Arsákis)
    • → Latin: Arsacēs

References
  1. Tolman, Herbert Cushing (1908) “aršaka”, in Ancient Persian lexicon and the texts of the Achaemenidan inscriptions transliterated and translated with special reference to their recent re-examination (Vanderbilt Oriental Series; 6), New York/Cincinnati/Chicago: American Book Company, page 67
  2. Bartholomae, Christian (1904) “j. ²aršan-”, in Altiranisches Wörterbuch [Old Iranian Dictionary]‎ (in German), Strassburg: K. J. Trübner, column 204
  3. Ciancaglini, Claudia (2012) “Outcomes of the Indo-Iranian suffix *-ka- in Old Persian and Avestan”, in DARIOSH Studies II. Persepolis and his Settlements. Territorial System and Ideology in the Achaemenid State‎, Napoli: Università degli Studi di Napoli "L'Orientale", page 94
  4. Ačaṙyan, Hračʻya (1942) “Արշակ”, in Hayocʻ anjnanunneri baṙaran [Dictionary of Personal Names of Armenians] (Erewani petakan hamalsaran. Gitakan ašxatutʻyunner; 21) (in Armenian), volume I, Yerevan: University Press, page 290f
  5. Tavernier, Jan (2007) “4.2.1433 *Ršakana-”, in Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN, page 290: “290”
  6. Schmitt, Rüdiger, editor (1989), Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum‎, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 240

Further reading
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