𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *kunnanΔ…, from Proto-Indo-European *Η΅neh₃-.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈkunːan/

Verb

𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 β€’ (kunnan)

  1. to know, to be familiar with

Conjugation

Variant spellings πŒΊπŒ°πŒ½πŒ½π„ (kannt), 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹 (kunnei) and 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹 (kunnjai) are attested. Gary Miller claims the latter is a misreading for 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌿 (kunnjau) in the manuscripts.[1] Others have interpreted this as a scribal mistake (analogous formation) for the third-person singular 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹 (kunnei)/*𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌹 (*kunni).

Preterite-present
Infinitive 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽
kunnan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular 𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌽
kann		 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌰
kunΓΎa		 β€”
2nd singular πŒΊπŒ°πŒ½π„
kant		 πŒΊπŒΏπŒ½πŒΈπŒ΄πƒ
kunΓΎΔ“s		 β€”
3rd singular 𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌽
kann		 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌰
kunΓΎa		 β€”
1st dual 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿
kunnu		 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌳𐌿
kunΓΎΔ“du		 β€”
2nd dual πŒΊπŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒΏπ„πƒ
kunnuts		 πŒΊπŒΏπŒ½πŒΈπŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
kunΓΎΔ“duts		 β€”
1st plural 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌼
kunnum		 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼
kunΓΎΔ“dum		 β€”
2nd plural 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌸
kunnuþ		 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸
kunΓΎΔ“duΓΎ		 β€”
3rd plural 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌽
kunnun		 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽
kunΓΎΔ“dun		 β€”
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌿
kunnjau		 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿
kunΓΎΔ“djau		 β€”
2nd singular πŒΊπŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
kunneis		 πŒΊπŒΏπŒ½πŒΈπŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
kunΓΎΔ“deis		 β€”
3rd singular 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌹
kunni		 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌳𐌹
kunΓΎΔ“di		 β€”
1st dual πŒΊπŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
kunneiwa		 πŒΊπŒΏπŒ½πŒΈπŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
kunΓΎΔ“deiwa		 β€”
2nd dual πŒΊπŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
kunneits		 πŒΊπŒΏπŒ½πŒΈπŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
kunΓΎΔ“deits		 β€”
1st plural 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰
kunneima		 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰
kunΓΎΔ“deima		 β€”
2nd plural 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸
kunneiþ		 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸
kunΓΎΔ“deiΓΎ		 β€”
3rd plural 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰
kunneina		 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰
kunΓΎΔ“deina		 β€”
Imperative
2nd singular β€”
3rd singular β€”
2nd dual β€”
2nd plural β€”
3rd plural β€”
Present Past
Participles πŒΊπŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
kunnands		 πŒΊπŒΏπŒ½πŒΈπƒ
kunΓΎs

Derived terms

Note that some of the apparent derivates are class 3 weak verbs (with infinitives ending in -ān) instead of preterite-present verbs like the above.

References
  1. Miller, D. Gary (2019) The Oxford Gothic Grammar, Oxford: Oxford University Press, β†’ISBN, page 211
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