졸다

Korean

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈt͡ɕo̞(ː)ɭda̠]
Phonetic hangul: [졸(ː)다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	jolda
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	jolda
McCune–Reischauer^?	cholda
Yale Romanization^?	cōlta

Etymology 1

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄌᆞ올다〮 (Yale: còwòl-tá). The pre-Middle Korean form is reconstructed as *ᄌᆞᄇᆞᆯ *copol- on the strength of modern dialectal forms with /-p-/ in this word.[1] Perhaps related to 자다 (jada, “to sleep”).

Verb

졸다 • (jolda) (infinitive 졸아, sequential 조니)

(intransitive) to doze off; to be sleepy; to be drowsy

Conjugation

Selected forms of the verb 졸다 (jolda): consonant-stem, ㄹ(l)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	존다 jonda	졸아 jora	졸아요 jorayo	좁니다 jomnida
Indicative	Past	졸았다 joratda	졸았어 jorasseo	졸았어요 jorasseoyo	졸았습니다 joratseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	조느냐 joneunya	졸아 jora	졸아요 jorayo	좁니까 jomnikka
Interrogative	Past	졸았느냐 joranneunya	졸았어 jorasseo	졸았어요 jorasseoyo	졸았습니까 joratseumnikka
Hortative		졸자 jolja	졸아 jora	졸아요 jorayo	조십시다 josipsida
Imperative		졸아라 jorara	졸아 jora	졸아요 jorayo	좁시오 jopsio
Assertive		졸겠다 jolgetda	졸겠어 jolgesseo	졸겠어요 jolgesseoyo	졸겠습니다 jolgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		졸아 jora	졸아서 joraseo	조니 joni	조니까 jonikka
Contrast		졸지만 joljiman	조는데 joneunde	졸더니 joldeoni
Conjunction		졸고 jolgo
Condition		졸면 jolmyeon	졸아야 joraya
Motive		졸려고 jollyeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		졺 jom	졸기 jolgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		졸았음 jorasseum	졸았기 joratgi
Determiners	Past	존 jon
	Present	조는 joneun
	Future	졸 jol

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	조신다 josinda	조셔 josyeo	조세요, 조셔요 joseyo, josyeoyo	조십니다 josimnida
Indicative	Past	조셨다 josyeotda	조셨어 josyeosseo	조셨어요 josyeosseoyo	조셨습니다 josyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	조시느냐 josineunya	조셔 josyeo	조세요, 조셔요 joseyo, josyeoyo	조십니까 josimnikka
Interrogative	Past	조셨느냐 josyeonneunya	조셨어 josyeosseo	조셨어요 josyeosseoyo	조셨습니까 josyeotseumnikka
Imperative		조시라 josira	조셔 josyeo	조세요 joseyo	조십시오 josipsio
Assertive		조시겠다 josigetda	조시겠어 josigesseo	조시겠어요 josigesseoyo	조시겠습니다 josigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		조셔 josyeo	조셔서 josyeoseo	조시니 josini	조시니까 josinikka
Contrast		조시지만 josijiman	조시는데 josineunde	조시더니 josideoni
Conjunction		조시고 josigo
Condition		조시면 josimyeon	조셔야 josyeoya
Motive		조시려고 josiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		조심 josim	조시기 josigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		조셨음 josyeosseum	조셨기 josyeotgi
Determiners	Past	조신 josin
	Present	조시는 josineun
	Future	조실 josil

Verb

졸다 • (jolda) (infinitive 졸아, sequential 조니)

(intransitive) to boil down, to boil away

Derived terms

조리다 (jorida, “to simmer”)

References

성은실 (Seong Eun-sil) (2013) “'졸다', '졸음', '졸리다'의 방언 분화 [jolda , joreum , jollida ui bang'eon bunhwa, Dialectal divergences in cwolta, cwolum, cwolita]”, in Bang'eonhak, volume 18, pages 265–286

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[1] 성은실 (Seong Eun-sil) (2013) “'졸다', '졸음', '졸리다'의 방언 분화 [jolda , joreum , jollida ui bang'eon bunhwa, Dialectal divergences in cwolta, cwolum, cwolita]”, in Bang'eonhak, volume 18, pages 265–286