외력

Sino-Korean word from 外力, from 外 (“outer”) + 力 (“force”).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈwe̞(ː)ɾjʌ̹k̚] ~ [ˈø̞(ː)ɾjʌ̹k̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [웨(ː)력/외(ː)력]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

외력 • (oeryeok) (hanja 外力)

1. external force

   Coordinate term: 내력(內力) (naeryeok, “internal force”)

   외력을 가하다 ― oeryeog-eul gahada ― to exert external force

   • 1952 September 27, “迷信(미신)과 虛禮(허례)를 打破(타파)하자”, in The Dong-a Ilbo:

     自(자)力(력)으로 繁(번)營(영)을 勞(노)作(작)할 決(결)心(심)과 意(의)志(지)와 決(결)斷(단)性(성)이 없이 外(외)力(력)에 依(의)存(존)하는 것은 自(자)滅(멸)을 招(초)來(래)할 뿐이다.

     自 (ja) 力 (ryeok)-euro 繁 (beon) 營 (yeong)-eul 勞 (no) 作 (jak)hal 決 (gyeol) 心 (sim)-gwa 意 (ui) 志 (ji)-wa 決 (gyeol) 斷 (dan) 性 (seong)-i eopsi 外 (oe) 力 (ryeok)-e 依 (ui) 存 (jon)haneun geos-eun 自 (ja) 滅 (myeol)-eul 招 (cho) 來 (rae)hal ppun-ida.

     To rely on an external force without the determination and will and resolution to strive for prosperity by one's own strength will only bring about self-destruction.

   • 2021 May 30, “생후 한달도 안 된 아들 죽어가는데 신고 머뭇거린 친모 [saenghu handaldo an doen adeul jugeoganeunde sin'go meomutgeorin chinmo]”, in yna.co.kr‎, Yonhap News Agency:

     "머리 전체 여기저기에 출혈이 있는데 발생 시기가 다르다"며 "머리에 대단히 큰 외력이 가해진 것으로 판단된다"고 밝혔다.

     Meori jeonche yeogijeogi-e chulhyeor-i inneunde balsaeng sigi-ga dareuda-myeo meori-e daedanhi keun oeryeog-i gahaejin geos-euro pandandoenda-go balkyeotda.

     [He] stated that "there are hemorrhages here and there all over the head, inflicted at different times," and that "it appears that very formidable external force was exerted on the head."