심다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 시므다 (Yale: simuta).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈɕʰi(ː)mt͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [심(ː)따]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | simda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | simda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | simta |
| Yale Romanization? | sīmqta |
Verb
심다 • (simda) (infinitive 심어, sequential 심으니)
- To plant, sow (seed or plants)
- 정원에 사과나무를 심다
- jeong'wone sagwanamureul simda
- to plant an apple tree in a garden
- To plant, implant, instill, inculcate (a thought or a sentiment)
- 나는 학생들에게 올바른 사상을 심어 주려고 했다.
- naneun haksaengdeurege olbareun sasang'eul simeo juryeogo haetda.
- I tried to inculcate a right thought in [my] student.
- To plant (a person) secretly as a spy
Usage notes
If in which objects or ideas are planted is people, this word usually is used with 주다 (juda, “to give”). And if where objects are planted is a place, it usually used with 놓다 (nota, “to set”).
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 심다 (simda): consonant-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 심는다 simneunda |
심어 simeo |
심어요 simeoyo |
심습니다 simseumnida |
| Past | 심었다 simeotda |
심었어 simeosseo |
심었어요 simeosseoyo |
심었습니다 simeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 심느냐 simneunya |
심어 simeo |
심어요 simeoyo |
심습니까 simseumnikka |
| Past | 심었느냐 simeonneunya |
심었어 simeosseo |
심었어요 simeosseoyo |
심었습니까 simeotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 심자 simja | 심어 simeo | 심어요 simeoyo | 심으십시다 simeusipsida | |
| Imperative | 심어라 simeora | 심어 simeo | 심어요 simeoyo | 심읍시오 simeupsio | |
| Assertive | 심겠다 simgetda | 심겠어 simgesseo | 심겠어요 simgesseoyo | 심겠습니다 simgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 심어 simeo | 심어서 simeoseo | 심으니 simeuni | 심으니까 simeunikka | |
| Contrast | 심지만 simjiman | 심는데 simneunde | 심더니 simdeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 심고 simgo | ||||
| Condition | 심으면 simeumyeon | 심어야 simeoya | |||
| Motive | 심으려고 simeuryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 심음 simeum | 심기 simgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 심었음 simeosseum | 심었기 simeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 심은 simeun | |||
| Present | 심는 simneun | ||||
| Future | 심을 simeul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 심으신다 simeusinda |
심으셔 simeusyeo |
심으세요, 심으셔요 simeuseyo, simeusyeoyo |
심으십니다 simeusimnida |
| Past | 심으셨다 simeusyeotda |
심으셨어 simeusyeosseo |
심으셨어요 simeusyeosseoyo |
심으셨습니다 simeusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 심으시느냐 simeusineunya |
심으셔 simeusyeo |
심으세요, 심으셔요 simeuseyo, simeusyeoyo |
심으십니까 simeusimnikka |
| Past | 심으셨느냐 simeusyeonneunya |
심으셨어 simeusyeosseo |
심으셨어요 simeusyeosseoyo |
심으셨습니까 simeusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 심으시라 simeusira | 심으셔 simeusyeo | 심으세요 simeuseyo | 심으십시오 simeusipsio | |
| Assertive | 심으시겠다 simeusigetda | 심으시겠어 simeusigesseo | 심으시겠어요 simeusigesseoyo | 심으시겠습니다 simeusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 심으셔 simeusyeo | 심으셔서 simeusyeoseo | 심으시니 simeusini | 심으시니까 simeusinikka | |
| Contrast | 심으시지만 simeusijiman | 심으시는데 simeusineunde | 심으시더니 simeusideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 심으시고 simeusigo | ||||
| Condition | 심으시면 simeusimyeon | 심으셔야 simeusyeoya | |||
| Motive | 심으시려고 simeusiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 심으심 simeusim | 심으시기 simeusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 심으셨음 simeusyeosseum | 심으셨기 simeusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 심으신 simeusin | |||
| Present | 심으시는 simeusineun | ||||
| Future | 심으실 simeusil | ||||
Alternative forms
- 심으다 (simeuda)
- 심구다 (simguda)
Synonyms
- 뿌리다 (ppurida, “to seed, to disperse”)
Antonyms
- 거두다 (geoduda, “to harvest”)
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