식다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Jīlín lèishì (鷄林類事 / 계림유사), 1103, as Late Old Korean 時根 (Yale: *sìk-ún), in the gerund form.

In the Hangul script, first attested in the Gugeupganibang eonhae (救急簡易方諺解 / 구급간이방언해), 1489, as Middle Korean 식다〮 (Yale: sìk-tá).

Compare Manchu ᠰᡳᠩᡴᡝᠶᡝᠨ (singkeyen, “to be cold, chilly”).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɕʰik̚t͈a̠]
Phonetic hangul: [식따]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	sikda
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	sigda
McCune–Reischauer^?	sikta
Yale Romanization^?	sikta

Verb

Korean verb set
Base	식다 (sikda)
Causative	식히다 (sikhida)

식다 • (sikda) (infinitive 식어, sequential 식으니)

(intransitive) to cool down, to get cold
(intransitive) to abate, to subside

Conjugation

Selected forms of the verb 식다 (sikda): consonant-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	식는다 singneunda	식어 sigeo	식어요 sigeoyo	식습니다 sikseumnida
Indicative	Past	식었다 sigeotda	식었어 sigeosseo	식었어요 sigeosseoyo	식었습니다 sigeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	식느냐 singneunya	식어 sigeo	식어요 sigeoyo	식습니까 sikseumnikka
Interrogative	Past	식었느냐 sigeonneunya	식었어 sigeosseo	식었어요 sigeosseoyo	식었습니까 sigeotseumnikka
Hortative		식자 sikja	식어 sigeo	식어요 sigeoyo	식으십시다 sigeusipsida
Imperative		식어라 sigeora	식어 sigeo	식어요 sigeoyo	식읍시오 sigeupsio
Assertive		식겠다 sikgetda	식겠어 sikgesseo	식겠어요 sikgesseoyo	식겠습니다 sikgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		식어 sigeo	식어서 sigeoseo	식으니 sigeuni	식으니까 sigeunikka
Contrast		식지만 sikjiman	식는데 singneunde	식더니 sikdeoni
Conjunction		식고 sikgo
Condition		식으면 sigeumyeon	식어야 sigeoya
Motive		식으려고 sigeuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		식음 sigeum	식기 sikgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		식었음 sigeosseum	식었기 sigeotgi
Determiners	Past	식은 sigeun
	Present	식는 singneun
	Future	식을 sigeul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	식으신다 sigeusinda	식으셔 sigeusyeo	식으세요, 식으셔요 sigeuseyo, sigeusyeoyo	식으십니다 sigeusimnida
Indicative	Past	식으셨다 sigeusyeotda	식으셨어 sigeusyeosseo	식으셨어요 sigeusyeosseoyo	식으셨습니다 sigeusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	식으시느냐 sigeusineunya	식으셔 sigeusyeo	식으세요, 식으셔요 sigeuseyo, sigeusyeoyo	식으십니까 sigeusimnikka
Interrogative	Past	식으셨느냐 sigeusyeonneunya	식으셨어 sigeusyeosseo	식으셨어요 sigeusyeosseoyo	식으셨습니까 sigeusyeotseumnikka
Imperative		식으시라 sigeusira	식으셔 sigeusyeo	식으세요 sigeuseyo	식으십시오 sigeusipsio
Assertive		식으시겠다 sigeusigetda	식으시겠어 sigeusigesseo	식으시겠어요 sigeusigesseoyo	식으시겠습니다 sigeusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		식으셔 sigeusyeo	식으셔서 sigeusyeoseo	식으시니 sigeusini	식으시니까 sigeusinikka
Contrast		식으시지만 sigeusijiman	식으시는데 sigeusineunde	식으시더니 sigeusideoni
Conjunction		식으시고 sigeusigo
Condition		식으시면 sigeusimyeon	식으셔야 sigeusyeoya
Motive		식으시려고 sigeusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		식으심 sigeusim	식으시기 sigeusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		식으셨음 sigeusyeosseum	식으셨기 sigeusyeotgi
Determiners	Past	식으신 sigeusin
	Present	식으시는 sigeusineun
	Future	식으실 sigeusil

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